Peak Shaving and E-Cooker as Sustainable Solutions for Off-Grid Electricity in Bangladesh

General electrification, specifically renewable-based off-grid systems, could contribute to sustainable development in Bangladesh. However, it is important to make sure that it contributes or at least does not act inhibitory in any of the three dimensions of sustainability. This study examines the potential of demand-side management and electrified cooking as sustainable solutions for off-grid electricity in Bangladesh. The evaluation is based on techno-economic, environmental, and social aspects, using a set of selected indicators. The study employs two tools, RAMP and MicroGridsPy, to optimize techno-economic results. The environmental evaluations are based on the result of the techno-economic evaluation and literature review, while the social aspect evaluations are based on the literature review and the author's own remarks and experiences. The analysis is completed using a sustainability matrix in the form of a simplified multi-criteria analysis. This study investigates the impact of peak shaving by fans and TVs and the introduction of electrified cooking in an off-grid electrification system. In Bangladesh, both approaches have positive economic and environmental impacts, but peak shaving has a negative social impact. The study finds that the result can contribute to sustainable development of off-grid electricity system in Bangladesh.

I. Introduction

Global climate change has become one of the most significant and interconnected problems of the past and future decades. As it is, defined in the IPCC report as;