I. Introduction
As a result of sustainability concerns and increasing demand for electricity, massive integration of renewable energy into power systems has gained significant traction. Renewable energy sources are typically interfaced with the grid through power electronic converters, whose dynamic response and fault current characteristics significantly differ from synchronous machines. Due to their ability to impose a stable AC voltage waveform (e.g., frequency and magnitude) at their terminal and self-synchronize through the grid, grid-forming (GFM) converters are widely envisioned as the cornerstone of future grids with massive integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) [1] –[3]. While GFM converters can reliably replicate ancillary services (e.g., frequency control) typically provided by synchronous machines, their limited overcurrent capability precludes replicating the fault response of synchronous machines. In addition, the fault characteristics of such converters are fully determined by their control. Therefore, an effective current limiting strategy is essential for GFM converters to ensure continuous support of the system and reliable power supply.