Energy Consumption and Power Quality in Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Texas

This paper presents an in depth study of electric energy consumption and power quality analysis in Bitcoin mining facilities in Texas. The study includes energy consumption, voltage, current, power and current harmonics analysis from measured data on both grid connected and standalone facilities (powered by flared gas). Additionally, these results are also compared to the data gathered on an identical laboratory mining machine. Since large MW range Bitcoin mining loads are termed as "flexible loads" by the grid operators, the paper discusses examples of their potential role in participating in ancillary services to help stabilize the grid. Laboratory test results on voltage ride-through of Bitcoin machines is also presented and discussed. Analysis is also included on how large Bitcoin mining facilities can earn substantial additional revenue via their participation in ancillary services. Finally experimental data collected on a 3.5 kW S19 Pro Bitcoin miner installed in the laboratory and a 2.2 MW commercial mining facilities is tabulated and discussed.