Prediction Model of Postoperative Pain Exacerbation Using a Wearable Electrocardiogram Sensor

Few studies have evaluated postoperative pain in real patients using biosignal sensors. We aimed to develop a prediction model for postoperative pain exacerbation using a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) device. We collected ECG and IV-PCA data from eight patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Finally, an AutoEncoder model predicted postoperative pain exacerbation with a true positive rate of 60% and a false positive rate of 1.94 times/h.