Contents I. Introduction
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling the development of medical devices that can remotely monitor and diagnose medical conditions [1], [2]. Medical devices in IoT-based systems require a robust and reliable antenna that can transmit and receive data from remote locations. Antennas are the essential components of medical devices that use biomedical telemetry to monitor physiological parameters, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), heartbeats, blood sugar levels, pH values, and body temperatures [3]. In addition, antennas are crucial in detecting breast cancer through wireless telemetry. However, designing antennas for medical IoT-based systems poses unique challenges, such as miniaturization, flexibility, and specific field requirements. These antennas must fit into medical devices, such as implantable sensors and wearable monitors, without compromising their functionality or performance [4]. Advanced design and fabrication techniques are necessary to achieve the desired level of miniaturization and flexibility. Numerous technical approaches have been developed for creating small antennas, such as using materials with high permittivity, incorporating shorting pins, utilizing shorting walls, and employing fractal patterns. However, these methods are associated with challenges, such as intricate designs, limited bandwidth, and diminished gain and efficiency [5]. Metamaterial structure [6] and meta surface geometry [7] help to achieve lower resonance frequency with miniature size but introduce complexity in geometric design.
