Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric

Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform developed with a shared global infrastructure, where each node in the network runs an operating system called the Ethereum Virtual Machine that understands and executes software called smart contracts, written in a specific programming language. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to elucidate the detailed working of Ethereum.Hyperledger is a global open‐source collaborative effort that provides the framework, standards, guidelines, and tools required for use in a variety of industries. Various prospective applications in industries, such as manufacturing, B2B, supply chain management, trade and asset transfer, insurance, real estate, etc. have been worked out in detail.A decentralized application is a type of distributed open‐source software application that can operate autonomously on a peer‐to‐peer blockchain network, rather than on a single computer, through the use of smart contracts. A comparative account of decentralized applications along with their merits and demerits has been presented.Tokens are digital assets set by a project or smart contract and built on a specific blockchain, which can be in the form of utility tokens (consumer or incentive tokens) or security tokens. The chapter ends with a detailed annotation on tokens.