Transformation of Urban Growth and Shrinkage of Khulna City in Bangladesh: A Remote Sensing Based Approach

The main aim of the study is to explore the transformation experience of Khulna city from the year 2000 to 2020 in the presence of factors related to urban growth and shrinkage. The major hypothesis is that both growth and shrinkage phenomena can occur in a city simultaneously. Khulna City Corporation is the observed study area. The study is conducted by using demographic information, land cover data, and accessibility data through remote sensing. The findings reveal that from 2000 to 2010, six wards extremely expanded, and two wards extremely shrank. From 2010 to 2020, seven wards extremely expanded, and five wards extremely shrank. However, it is disclosed that ward number 8, 20, and 22 are extremely expanding, and ward number 7 is extremely shrinking in both decades. Population, employment, and accessibility strongly influence the conversion process, while the built-up area has less significance. The results can be used for understanding the connection between urban growth and shrinking factors. Moreover, development hindrance of certain areas can be detected. Apart from this, policymakers can use this as a source of city planning and sustainable land use management to ensure harmonious urban development.