On body and off-body performance analysis of an Ashoka tree shaped wearable textile antenna for biomedical and military applications

In this paper an Ashoka tree shaped wearable textile antenna for biomedical and military applications working at 2.4 GHz, 9.04 GHz is investigated and analyzed. The designed antenna has the size of 34 × 40 × 1 mm
³
. To obtain a wide bandwidth 0.5 × 40 mm
²
partial ground plane is used. The lightweight jean material is employed as a non-conductive dielectric substance with a ε
r
of 1.7 and a substrate height of 1 mm to define the wearable applications. Examining the surface current and actualizing the conductivity of the radiating elements are performed. Full-wave EM simulation and experimental results are carried out at 30°,60°, and 90° under various bending conditions, both in free space and close to the human body. The suggested antenna performs satisfactorily in terms of gain and specific absorption rate. When worn on the body, the final design offers a peak gain of 7.6 dBi and an efficiency of 94.7%. Findings from simulations using CST Microwave Studio and measurements are quite close. These characteristics show that the suggested antenna is a solid contender for wearable applications that are both off- and on-body. Due to its compatibility, adaptability in structure design and shape, excellent performance at various angles, human safety, miniaturization, power consumption, etc., this Ashoka tree-shaped antenna can be significantly used in military jackets and in biomedical applications.