Computational Techniques for Cardiovascular Diseases Prediction: Systematic Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs when the heart is unable to circulate the appropriate amount of blood to other parts of the body in order to perform normal functions. The purpose of this research is to conduct a systematic review of computational methods for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic search strategies was adopted, as reported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The articles were chosen from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science and evaluated purely computational techniques for CVD risk prediction. The inclusion criteria were satisfied by 46 studies: 9 on fuzzy logic or hybrids, 5 on genetic algorithms or hybrids, 21 on machine learning, ensembles, or hybrids, 3 on data mining, 2 on intelligent systems, and 7 on neural networks and their hybridized forms. Research results indicated that better CVD prediction in humans will be assured by the use of computational techniques with higher performance accuracy.

I. Introduction

One of the organs needed for sustaining life is the heart, which plays an essential function in pumping blood throughout the body to transport nutrients, hormones, and other bodily substances like oxygen and glucose. Heart and blood vessel illnesses are collectively referred to as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs can be caused by blood clots, vascular illnesses, structural issues, and other factors as well. CVDs are a common ailment that affects many people in their middle or later years, and in many cases, it can lead to death. CVDs include rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, and a few additional conditions. Risk factors for heart disease include hypertension, fatty plaque in the coronary arteries, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, a family history of the condition, obesity, an ethnic background, and a few more factors [1]. CVD's common symptoms include shortness of breath, neck pain, chest pain, upper abdomen pain, and limb coldness [2].