Structure diagram of BiLSTM module.
Abstract:
Congestion in the world’s traffic systems is a major issue that has far-reaching repercussions, including wasted time and money due to longer commutes and more frequent s...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Congestion in the world’s traffic systems is a major issue that has far-reaching repercussions, including wasted time and money due to longer commutes and more frequent stops for gas. The incorporation of contemporary technologies into transportation systems creates opportunities to significantly improve traffic prediction alongside modern academic challenges. Various techniques have been utilized for the purpose of traffic flow prediction, including statistical, machine learning, and deep neural networks. In this paper, a deep neural network architecture based on long short-term memory (LSTM), bi-directional version, and gated recurrent units (GRUs) layers has been structured to build the deep neural network in order to predict the performance of the traffic flow in four distinct junctions, which has a great impact on the Internet of vehicles’ applications. The structure is composed of sixteen layers, five of which are GRU layers and one is a bi-directional LSTM layer. The dataset employed in this work involved four congested junctions. The dataset extended from November 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. Cleaning and preprocessing operations were performed on the dataset before feeding it to the designed deep neural network in this paper. Results show that the suggested method produced comparable performance with respect to state-of-the-art approaches.
Structure diagram of BiLSTM module.
Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 11)
Funding Agency:
Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain was born in Diyala, Iraq, in 1959. He received the master’s degree in architecture from Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1993, and the Ph.D. degree in architecture and city planning from Ion Mincu University, in 2015. He was with several engineering offices as an engineer and an architectural designer, from 1993 to 2014. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Archit...Show More
Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain was born in Diyala, Iraq, in 1959. He received the master’s degree in architecture from Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1993, and the Ph.D. degree in architecture and city planning from Ion Mincu University, in 2015. He was with several engineering offices as an engineer and an architectural designer, from 1993 to 2014. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Archit...View more
Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Montadar Abas Taher (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1976. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering and the M.Sc. degree in satellite engineering from Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, in 2000 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Malaysia, in 2015. He was with Motorola, as a Communications Engineer, from 2005 to 2009. During this perio...Show More
Montadar Abas Taher (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1976. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering and the M.Sc. degree in satellite engineering from Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, in 2000 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Malaysia, in 2015. He was with Motorola, as a Communications Engineer, from 2005 to 2009. During this perio...View more
Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood was born in Diyala, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in communications engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2006, and the M.Sc. degree in communications engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and wireless communication from The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2013 and 2021, respectively. He has been a Lecturer with the Uni...Show More
Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood was born in Diyala, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in communications engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2006, and the M.Sc. degree in communications engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and wireless communication from The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2013 and 2021, respectively. He has been a Lecturer with the Uni...View more
Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Yousif I. Hammadi was born in Iraq, in 1988. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electronic and communication engineering from Cankaya University, Turkey, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in laser/electronic and communication engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 2019. He is a Lecturer with Bilad Alrafidain University Colle...Show More
Yousif I. Hammadi was born in Iraq, in 1988. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electronic and communication engineering from Cankaya University, Turkey, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in laser/electronic and communication engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 2019. He is a Lecturer with Bilad Alrafidain University Colle...View more
Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Reem Alkanhel (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in computer sciences from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1996, the M.S. degree in information technology (computer networks and information security) from the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (networks and communication systems) from Plymouth University, Plymouth, U.K., in ...Show More
Reem Alkanhel (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in computer sciences from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1996, the M.S. degree in information technology (computer networks and information security) from the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (networks and communication systems) from Plymouth University, Plymouth, U.K., in ...View more
Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ammar Muthanna (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from the Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively. From 2017 to 2019, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with RUDN University. He took part in the Erasmus Student Program, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, from 2012 to 2013. He was a Visiting Researcher with Tamper...Show More
Ammar Muthanna (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from the Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively. From 2017 to 2019, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with RUDN University. He took part in the Erasmus Student Program, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, from 2012 to 2013. He was a Visiting Researcher with Tamper...View more
Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Andrey Koucheryavy received the degree from the Leningrad University of Telecommunications, in 1974. He joined the Telecommunication Research Institute LONIIS, where he worked until October 2003 (from 1986 to 2003 as the First Deputy Director). He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 1998, where he became a Chaired Professor with the Telecommunic...Show More
Andrey Koucheryavy received the degree from the Leningrad University of Telecommunications, in 1974. He joined the Telecommunication Research Institute LONIIS, where he worked until October 2003 (from 1986 to 2003 as the First Deputy Director). He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 1998, where he became a Chaired Professor with the Telecommunic...View more
Contents Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain was born in Diyala, Iraq, in 1959. He received the master’s degree in architecture from Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1993, and the Ph.D. degree in architecture and city planning from Ion Mincu University, in 2015. He was with several engineering offices as an engineer and an architectural designer, from 1993 to 2014. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, University of Diyala. His research interests include architectural designs, city planning, and project management.
Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain was born in Diyala, Iraq, in 1959. He received the master’s degree in architecture from Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1993, and the Ph.D. degree in architecture and city planning from Ion Mincu University, in 2015. He was with several engineering offices as an engineer and an architectural designer, from 1993 to 2014. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, University of Diyala. His research interests include architectural designs, city planning, and project management.View more
Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Montadar Abas Taher (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1976. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering and the M.Sc. degree in satellite engineering from Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, in 2000 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Malaysia, in 2015. He was with Motorola, as a Communications Engineer, from 2005 to 2009. During this period, he became the Team Leader of the BSS Department. He has been a Lecturer with the University of Diyala, Iraq, since 2010, where he has been a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Communications Engineering, since 2015. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Communications Engineering and the Chief of the Space Navigation and Control Research Laboratory. His main research interests include multicarrier communication systems, DSP for telecommunications, 4G, and 5G. His current interests include artificial intelligent and deep learning systems. He is a reviewer of some international journals.
Montadar Abas Taher (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1976. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering and the M.Sc. degree in satellite engineering from Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, in 2000 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the National University of Malaysia, in 2015. He was with Motorola, as a Communications Engineer, from 2005 to 2009. During this period, he became the Team Leader of the BSS Department. He has been a Lecturer with the University of Diyala, Iraq, since 2010, where he has been a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Communications Engineering, since 2015. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Communications Engineering and the Chief of the Space Navigation and Control Research Laboratory. His main research interests include multicarrier communication systems, DSP for telecommunications, 4G, and 5G. His current interests include artificial intelligent and deep learning systems. He is a reviewer of some international journals.View more
Department of Communications Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood was born in Diyala, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in communications engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2006, and the M.Sc. degree in communications engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and wireless communication from The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2013 and 2021, respectively. He has been a Lecturer with the University of Diyala, since 2007, where he is currently a Lecturer and the Chief of communication systems with the Department of Communications Engineering. His main research interests include wireless communication systems, data traffic in the Internet of Things, 4G, 5G, artificial intelligent, and deep learning systems. He is a reviewer of some international journals.
Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood was born in Diyala, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in communications engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2006, and the M.Sc. degree in communications engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and wireless communication from The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2013 and 2021, respectively. He has been a Lecturer with the University of Diyala, since 2007, where he is currently a Lecturer and the Chief of communication systems with the Department of Communications Engineering. His main research interests include wireless communication systems, data traffic in the Internet of Things, 4G, 5G, artificial intelligent, and deep learning systems. He is a reviewer of some international journals.View more
Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
Yousif I. Hammadi was born in Iraq, in 1988. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electronic and communication engineering from Cankaya University, Turkey, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in laser/electronic and communication engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 2019. He is a Lecturer with Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq. His research interests include digital communications, optical communication, optical fiber, and laser generation.
Yousif I. Hammadi was born in Iraq, in 1988. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication engineering from the University of Diyala, Iraq, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electronic and communication engineering from Cankaya University, Turkey, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in laser/electronic and communication engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 2019. He is a Lecturer with Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq. His research interests include digital communications, optical communication, optical fiber, and laser generation.View more
Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Reem Alkanhel (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in computer sciences from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1996, the M.S. degree in information technology (computer networks and information security) from the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (networks and communication systems) from Plymouth University, Plymouth, U.K., in 2019. She has been with Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, since 1997, where she is currently an Assistant Professor with the College of Computer and Information Sciences. Her current research interests include communication systems, networking, the Internet of Things, software-defined networking, and information security.
Reem Alkanhel (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in computer sciences from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1996, the M.S. degree in information technology (computer networks and information security) from the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (networks and communication systems) from Plymouth University, Plymouth, U.K., in 2019. She has been with Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, since 1997, where she is currently an Assistant Professor with the College of Computer and Information Sciences. Her current research interests include communication systems, networking, the Internet of Things, software-defined networking, and information security.View more
Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ammar Muthanna (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from the Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively. From 2017 to 2019, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with RUDN University. He took part in the Erasmus Student Program, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, from 2012 to 2013. He was a Visiting Researcher with Tampere University, Finland, in 2014. He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 2019. His research interests include wireless communications, 5G/6G cellular systems, the IoT applications, edge computing, and software-defined networking. He has been an active member of the technical program committee on many international conferences and journals. He is an Expert at the Judges Panel and the Challenge Management Board at AI-5G-Challenge, ITU, and a Russian host organizer.
Ammar Muthanna (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from the Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively. From 2017 to 2019, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with RUDN University. He took part in the Erasmus Student Program, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, from 2012 to 2013. He was a Visiting Researcher with Tampere University, Finland, in 2014. He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 2019. His research interests include wireless communications, 5G/6G cellular systems, the IoT applications, edge computing, and software-defined networking. He has been an active member of the technical program committee on many international conferences and journals. He is an Expert at the Judges Panel and the Challenge Management Board at AI-5G-Challenge, ITU, and a Russian host organizer.View more
Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Andrey Koucheryavy received the degree from the Leningrad University of Telecommunications, in 1974. He joined the Telecommunication Research Institute LONIIS, where he worked until October 2003 (from 1986 to 2003 as the First Deputy Director). He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 1998, where he became a Chaired Professor with the Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission Department, in 2011. He was an Advisor of the Central Science Research Telecommunication Institute (ZNIIS), from 2003 to 2010. He was a Co-Founder of the International Teletraffic Seminar, in 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2002; the Founder of the Model Network for Digital Networks with LONIIS, in 1997; and the Co-Founder of the Model Network for Packet Networks with ZNIIS, in 2004, the Internet of Things Laboratory, in 2012, and the Quality of Experience and IPTV Laboratory with SUT, in 2014. He was the Chair of the Scientific School on Teletraffic Theory in LONIIS, from 1990 to 2003; the Founder and the Scientific School Chair of the Internet of Things and Self-Organizing Networks with SUT, since 2010; a Steering Committee Member of IEEE technically co-sponsored series of conferences ICACT and NEW2AN. He was the SG11 ITU-T Vice-Chairperson, from 2005 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2012. He was the WP3/WP4 SG11 Chairperson, from 2006 to 2012; the WP4 SG11 Vice-Chairperson, from 2015 to 2016; and the Chairperson of SG11, from 2017 to March 2022. He was the Co-Founder of the International Testing Center for New Telecommunications Technologies with ZNIIS under ITU-D Competence. He was a Host and a Technical Program Committees Member of the “Kaleidoscope 2014” at SUT. He was an Honorary Member of Popov’s Society, in 2002.
Andrey Koucheryavy received the degree from the Leningrad University of Telecommunications, in 1974. He joined the Telecommunication Research Institute LONIIS, where he worked until October 2003 (from 1986 to 2003 as the First Deputy Director). He has been a Professor with the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT), since 1998, where he became a Chaired Professor with the Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission Department, in 2011. He was an Advisor of the Central Science Research Telecommunication Institute (ZNIIS), from 2003 to 2010. He was a Co-Founder of the International Teletraffic Seminar, in 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2002; the Founder of the Model Network for Digital Networks with LONIIS, in 1997; and the Co-Founder of the Model Network for Packet Networks with ZNIIS, in 2004, the Internet of Things Laboratory, in 2012, and the Quality of Experience and IPTV Laboratory with SUT, in 2014. He was the Chair of the Scientific School on Teletraffic Theory in LONIIS, from 1990 to 2003; the Founder and the Scientific School Chair of the Internet of Things and Self-Organizing Networks with SUT, since 2010; a Steering Committee Member of IEEE technically co-sponsored series of conferences ICACT and NEW2AN. He was the SG11 ITU-T Vice-Chairperson, from 2005 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2012. He was the WP3/WP4 SG11 Chairperson, from 2006 to 2012; the WP4 SG11 Vice-Chairperson, from 2015 to 2016; and the Chairperson of SG11, from 2017 to March 2022. He was the Co-Founder of the International Testing Center for New Telecommunications Technologies with ZNIIS under ITU-D Competence. He was a Host and a Technical Program Committees Member of the “Kaleidoscope 2014” at SUT. He was an Honorary Member of Popov’s Society, in 2002.View more