Blockchain Technologies in e-Government Services: A Literature Review

The efficiency of blockchain technologies in managing transactions using distributed ledgers provides new age of government services. This enhances citizen-government transparency to establish public-sector trust by preventing fraud. However, using and adopting blockchain in e-Government context was insufficiently explored in previously published literatures. This paper systematically reviews relevant works to illustrate blockchain issues, challenges, while detecting the new directions for future research of using blockchain applications in e-Government. Discussed literatures explained that adopting blockchain applications to build e-Government services still has obvious lack in empirical evidence. Predominantly, major challenges facing blockchain adoption are summarized in scalability, flexibility and security aspects. organizationally, acceptability issues in blockchain and demanding new models of e-government are illustrated as major obstacles against the adoption. Furthermore, the lack in legislations and helping regulatory represents the major environmental obstacles against the adoption.

1- Introduction

Convenient, effective, and simple are crucially demanded for transparent citizen-government interaction, which became an essential expectation in new information societies [1]. E-government applications made fundamental modifications in the distributed systems of governance, which affects the global functions regarding document processing and management. Essentially, blockchain applications provide distributed databases, significantly transparent, that registers details on participants transactions performed on blockchain system [2]. Crucially, all interlinked data and related transactions are safely encrypted and stored by all system members, which are continuously updated representing changes made. Blockchain participants represent virtual collective notaries that approve information accuracy in the system, which protect data from abuses and fraud attempts. Blockchain technologies represent a significant solution for corrupt practices, which can be caused by harmful users. Blockchain is also a technology that decentralizes transactions and agreements between system participants on virtually without the need to involve an intermediary party. Thus, blockchain technology can initialize e-government by simplifying transactions and enhancing the security of offered safeguards of traditional registering systems [3].