Abstract:
Recent advancements in thermal imaging sensor technology have resulted in the use of thermal cameras in a variety of applications, including automotive, industrial, medic...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Recent advancements in thermal imaging sensor technology have resulted in the use of thermal cameras in a variety of applications, including automotive, industrial, medical, defense and space, agriculture, and other related fields. Thermal imaging, unlike RGB imaging, does not rely on background light, and the technique is nonintrusive while also protecting privacy. This review article focuses on the most recent advancements in thermal imaging technology, key performance parameters, an overview of its applications, and machine-learning techniques applied to thermal images for various tasks. This article begins with the most recent advancements in thermal imaging, followed by a classification of thermal cameras and their key specifications, and finally a review of machine-learning techniques used on thermal images for various applications. This detailed review article is highly useful for designing thermal imaging-based applications using various machine-learning techniques.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal ( Volume: 23, Issue: 4, 15 February 2023)
Funding Agency:
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
A. N. Wilson received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Government Model Engineering College, Kochi, India, in 2012, and the M.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, in 2016. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of ICT, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.
His research interests include the different aspects of radar sign...Show More
A. N. Wilson received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Government Model Engineering College, Kochi, India, in 2012, and the M.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, in 2016. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of ICT, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.
His research interests include the different aspects of radar sign...View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Khushi Anil Gupta received the bachelor’s degree in electrical and electronics (EEE) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, India, in 2022. She is currently pursuing the master’s degree in computer engineering with Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
She was a Visiting Student Researcher with the ACPS Research Group, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway. Her research interes...Show More
Khushi Anil Gupta received the bachelor’s degree in electrical and electronics (EEE) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, India, in 2022. She is currently pursuing the master’s degree in computer engineering with Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
She was a Visiting Student Researcher with the ACPS Research Group, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway. Her research interes...View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Balu Harshavardan Koduru received the bachelor’s degree in electronics and instrumentation and the master’s degree in physics (integrated dual degree) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India, in 2022. He is currently pursuing the master’s degree in artificial intelligence with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
He was a Visiting Master’s Student wit...Show More
Balu Harshavardan Koduru received the bachelor’s degree in electronics and instrumentation and the master’s degree in physics (integrated dual degree) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India, in 2022. He is currently pursuing the master’s degree in artificial intelligence with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
He was a Visiting Master’s Student wit...View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
Abhinav Kumar (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech., M.Tech., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 2009 and 2013, respectively.
From September to November 2013, he was a Research Associate with the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. From December 2013 to November 2014, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, O...Show More
Abhinav Kumar (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech., M.Tech., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 2009 and 2013, respectively.
From September to November 2013, he was a Research Associate with the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. From December 2013 to November 2014, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, O...View more
Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Ajit Jha was born in Nepal in 1984. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in 2007, the European master’s degree in photonic networks from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., and Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy, in 2012, and the Ph.D. degree from the Technical University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, and the Karlsruhe Institute of Tec...Show More
Ajit Jha was born in Nepal in 1984. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in 2007, the European master’s degree in photonic networks from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., and Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy, in 2012, and the Ph.D. degree from the Technical University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, and the Karlsruhe Institute of Tec...View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), New Delhi, India, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, in 2011.
He was with Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA, where he was involved in mixed-signal circuit desig...Show More
Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), New Delhi, India, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, in 2011.
He was with Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA, where he was involved in mixed-signal circuit desig...View more
Contents Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
A. N. Wilson received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Government Model Engineering College, Kochi, India, in 2012, and the M.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, in 2016. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of ICT, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.
His research interests include the different aspects of radar signal processing, machine learning for autonomous cyber-physical systems, and wireless communications.
A. N. Wilson received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Government Model Engineering College, Kochi, India, in 2012, and the M.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, in 2016. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of ICT, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.
His research interests include the different aspects of radar signal processing, machine learning for autonomous cyber-physical systems, and wireless communications.View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Khushi Anil Gupta received the bachelor’s degree in electrical and electronics (EEE) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, India, in 2022. She is currently pursuing the master’s degree in computer engineering with Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
She was a Visiting Student Researcher with the ACPS Research Group, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway. Her research interests include deep learning, computer networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), computer architecture, computer vision, and embedded systems.
Khushi Anil Gupta received the bachelor’s degree in electrical and electronics (EEE) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, India, in 2022. She is currently pursuing the master’s degree in computer engineering with Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
She was a Visiting Student Researcher with the ACPS Research Group, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway. Her research interests include deep learning, computer networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), computer architecture, computer vision, and embedded systems.View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Balu Harshavardan Koduru received the bachelor’s degree in electronics and instrumentation and the master’s degree in physics (integrated dual degree) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India, in 2022. He is currently pursuing the master’s degree in artificial intelligence with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
He was a Visiting Master’s Student with the University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway, while pursuing the integrated dual degree. His research interests include the application of machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, computer vision for robotics, and autonomous cyber-physical systems.
Balu Harshavardan Koduru received the bachelor’s degree in electronics and instrumentation and the master’s degree in physics (integrated dual degree) from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, India, in 2022. He is currently pursuing the master’s degree in artificial intelligence with the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
He was a Visiting Master’s Student with the University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway, while pursuing the integrated dual degree. His research interests include the application of machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, computer vision for robotics, and autonomous cyber-physical systems.View more
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
Abhinav Kumar (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech., M.Tech., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 2009 and 2013, respectively.
From September to November 2013, he was a Research Associate with the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. From December 2013 to November 2014, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Since November 2014, he has been with the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests include the different aspects of wireless communications and networking.
Abhinav Kumar (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech., M.Tech., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 2009 and 2013, respectively.
From September to November 2013, he was a Research Associate with the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. From December 2013 to November 2014, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Since November 2014, he has been with the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests include the different aspects of wireless communications and networking.View more
Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Ajit Jha was born in Nepal in 1984. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in 2007, the European master’s degree in photonic networks from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., and Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy, in 2012, and the Ph.D. degree from the Technical University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2016.
From 2016 to 2019, he worked with various industries related to autonomous vehicles working on innovative technologies, such as Automotive ethernet, ADAS, surround view systems, camera mirror systems, and blind sport warning, to name a few. He is currently an Associate Professor of Mechatronics with the Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway. He has (co)authored more than 20 articles and holds two patents. His research interests include sensors, sensor fusion, image/signal processing, ML, ADAS functionalities toward autonomous systems, and the Internet of Things.
Dr. Jha is a recipient of the Erasmus Mundus Masters Course (EMMC) and Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) both funded by the European Union (EU). In addition, he has been an active reviewer and a member of the technical program committee of numerous international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Ajit Jha was born in Nepal in 1984. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in 2007, the European master’s degree in photonic networks from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., and Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy, in 2012, and the Ph.D. degree from the Technical University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2016.
From 2016 to 2019, he worked with various industries related to autonomous vehicles working on innovative technologies, such as Automotive ethernet, ADAS, surround view systems, camera mirror systems, and blind sport warning, to name a few. He is currently an Associate Professor of Mechatronics with the Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway. He has (co)authored more than 20 articles and holds two patents. His research interests include sensors, sensor fusion, image/signal processing, ML, ADAS functionalities toward autonomous systems, and the Internet of Things.
Dr. Jha is a recipient of the Erasmus Mundus Masters Course (EMMC) and Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) both funded by the European Union (EU). In addition, he has been an active reviewer and a member of the technical program committee of numerous international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.View more
Department of Information and Communication Technology, ACPS Group, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), New Delhi, India, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, in 2011.
He was with Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA, where he was involved in mixed-signal circuit design before joining the Ph.D. Program at NTNU. After finishing the Ph.D. degree, he worked on radiation imaging for an atmosphere–space interaction monitor (ASIM mission to the International Space Station) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, from 2010 to 2012. He is currently the Leader of the Autonomous and Cyber-Physical Systems (ACPS) Research Group and a Professor with the University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway. He has coauthored over 120 research publications that have been published in prestigious international journals and standard conferences. His main scientific interests include cyber-physical systems, autonomous systems, and wireless embedded systems.
Dr. Cenkeramaddi is also a member of the editorial boards of various international journals and the technical program committees of several IEEE conferences. Several of his master students received the best master thesis awards in information and communication technology (ICT). He is the Principal Investigator and a Co-Principal Investigator of many research grants from the Norwegian Research Council.
Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), New Delhi, India, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, in 2011.
He was with Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA, where he was involved in mixed-signal circuit design before joining the Ph.D. Program at NTNU. After finishing the Ph.D. degree, he worked on radiation imaging for an atmosphere–space interaction monitor (ASIM mission to the International Space Station) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, from 2010 to 2012. He is currently the Leader of the Autonomous and Cyber-Physical Systems (ACPS) Research Group and a Professor with the University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway. He has coauthored over 120 research publications that have been published in prestigious international journals and standard conferences. His main scientific interests include cyber-physical systems, autonomous systems, and wireless embedded systems.
Dr. Cenkeramaddi is also a member of the editorial boards of various international journals and the technical program committees of several IEEE conferences. Several of his master students received the best master thesis awards in information and communication technology (ICT). He is the Principal Investigator and a Co-Principal Investigator of many research grants from the Norwegian Research Council.View more
