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Robert Van Veldhoven - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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This paper presents a continuous-time zoom ADC for audio applications. It combines a 4-bit noise-shaping coarse SAR ADC and a fine delta-sigma modulator with a tail-resistor linearized OTA for improved linearity, energy efficiency, and handling of out-of-band interferers compared to previous designs. In 160 nm CMOS, the prototype chip occupies 0.36 mm2, achieves 107.2 dB SNR, 106.6 dB SNDR, and 10...Show More
To minimize the area of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for multichannel applications and break the SNDR limitation caused by DAC-induced nonlinearity, a more area-efficient mismatch error shaping (MES) scheme is proposed in noise shaping (NS) successive-approximation (SAR) ADC. By employing a switched-capacitor (SC) voltage divider, the proposed method makes the flash ADC and data weighted av...Show More
This article describes a discrete-time zoom analog-to-digital converter (ADC) intended for audio applications. It uses a coarse 5-bit SAR ADC in tandem with a fine third-order delta-sigma modulator (ΔΣM) to efficiently obtain a high dynamic range. To minimize its over-sampling ratio (OSR) and, thus, its digital power consumption, the modulator employs a 2-bit quantizer and a loop filter notch. In ...Show More
This article presents a 28-W class-D amplifier for automotive applications. The combination of a high switching frequency and a hybrid multibit AΣM-PWM scheme results in high linearity over a wide range of output power, as well as low AM-band EMI. As a result, only a small (150-kHz cutoff frequency), and thus low-cost, LC filter is needed to meet the CISPR-25 EMI average limit (150 kHz-30 MHz) wit...Show More
This paper presents a discrete-time (DT) zoom ADC for audio applications. A 2b quantizer in combination with a low power “fuzz” suppression technique, results in a significant improvement in linearity and energy-efficiency over previous designs. The ADC occupies 0.27mm2 in 0.16μm CMOS and consumes 440μW from a 1.8V supply. In a 20kHz BW, it achieves 109.8dB DR and 106.5dB SNDR, resulting in a stat...Show More
A trend in today's car entertainment systems is the increase of features like multistandard radio, parallel-channel radio reception [1], noise cancellation, HD audio and more audio interfacing possibilities. This asks for more signal processing, and therefore, a move to more expensive deep-submicron technologies. This puts pressure on the area that can be spent on the increasing number of audio in...Show More
Class-D amplifiers are often used in high-power audio applications due to their high power efficiency. They typically employ pulse-width modulation (PWM) at a fixed carrier frequency, which may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI). Setting this frequency (fPWM) below the AM band (535 to 1605kHz) helps mitigate this, but its harmonics still contain substantial energy and must be filtered out by...Show More
This article presents a continuous-time zoom analog to digital converter (ADC) for audio applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous SAR ADC that dynamically updates the references of a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM). Compared to previous switched-capacitor (SC) zoom ADCs, its input impedance is essentially resistive, which relaxes the power dissipation of its reference and i...Show More
This paper presents a dynamic zoom analog-to-digital converter for use in low-bandwidth (<;1 kHz) instrumentation applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC that dynamically updates the references of a fully differential ΔΣ ADC. Compared to previous zoom ADCs, faster reference updates relax the loop filter requirements, thus allowing the adoption...Show More
This paper presents a readout circuit for a carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor that measures the CO2-dependent thermal time constant of a hot-wire transducer. The readout circuit periodically heats up the transducer and uses a phase-domain ΔΣ modulator to digitize the phase shift of the resulting temperature transients. A single resistive transducer is used both as a heater and as a temperature sensor, t...Show More
The measurement of carbon-dioxide (CO2) concentration is very important in home and building automation, e.g. to control ventilation in energy-efficient buildings. This application requires compact, low-cost sensors that can measure CO2 concentration with a resolution of <;200 ppm over a 2500ppm range. Conventional optical (NDIR-based) CO2 sensors require components that are CMOS-incompatible, dif...Show More
Micro-power ADCs with high linearity and dynamic range (DR) are required in several applications, such as smart sensors, biomedical imaging, and portable instrumentation. Since the signals of interest are then often small (tens of μν) and slow (<;1kHz BW), such ADCs should also exhibit low offset and flicker noise. Noise-shaping SAR [1] and incremental ADCs [2] have been proposed for such applicat...Show More
This paper reports a readout circuit capable of accurately measuring not only the resistance of a resistive transducer, but also the power dissipated in it, which is a critical parameter in thermal flow sensors or thermal-conductivity sensors. A front-end circuit, integrated in a standard CMOS technology, sets the voltage drop across the transducer, and senses the resulting current via an on-chip ...Show More
This paper presents the first dynamic zoom ADC. Intended for audio applications, it achieves 109-dB DR, 106-dB signal-to-noise ratio, and 103-dB SNDR in a 20-kHz bandwidth, while dissipating only 1.12 mW. This translates into the state-of-the-art energy efficiency as expressed by a Schreier FoM of 181.5 dB. It also achieves the state-of-the-art area efficiency, occupying only 0.16 mm2 in the 0.16-...Show More
This paper reports a readout circuit for a resistive CO2 sensor, which operates by measuring the CO2-dependent thermal conductivity of air. A suspended hot-wire transducer, which acts both as a resistive heater and temperature sensor, exhibits a CO2-dependent heat loss to the surrounding air, allowing CO2 concentration to be derived from its temperature rise and power dissipation. The circuit empl...Show More
Audio codecs for automotive applications and smartphones require up to five stereo channels to achieve effective acoustic noise and echo cancellation, thus demanding ADCs with low power and minimal die area. Zoom-ADCs should be well suited for such applications, since they combine compact and energy-efficient SAR ADCs with low-distortion ΔΣ ADCs to simultaneously achieve high energy efficiency, sm...Show More
This paper presents a readout circuit for thermal-conductivity-based resistive gas sensors. It digitizes the sensor's heat loss to its environment, which is a function of gas concentration, relative to that of a reference transducer, which is made of the same material and acts as a thermal-conductivity reference. Thus, dedicated voltage, power or temperature references are not needed. The ratiomet...Show More
This paper reports a CO2 sensor intended for indoor air-quality sensing. Both the thermal-conductivity-based CO2 transducer and its readout circuit have been realized in 0.16μm CMOS technology. The readout circuit, based on an incremental ΔΣ ADC, employs ratiometric measurements to circumvent the need for a stable power reference. The sensor achieves 228ppm (1σ) CO2 resolution in a 70s measurement...Show More
Extremely small-area sensor front-ends are required for cost-constrained automotive applications. Instrumentation amplifiers (IA) for such front-ends must process multi-channel sensor outputs and provide gain matching over the channels for proper sensor operation. Angular sensors are a typical example, in which the sine and cosine outputs of a resistive magnetic sensor must be processed with adequ...Show More
Front-ends for automotive sensors must digitize multiple channels with high resolution while minimizing their silicon area to save costs. Both channel latency and inter-channel gain mismatch must be minimized to be able to serve multiple sensor applications, ranging from ABS to power steering, with the same front-end. The proposed ΣΔ ADC simultaneously digitizes 3 channels, each with a DR of 86 dB...Show More
One of the main drivers of today's IC industry is the electrification of the car, which is a trend that has been already ongoing for several decades. This trend has led to an increasing need for more measurement and control in automotive systems, tasks for which high performance angular, speed and torque sensors are essential components. To enhance the car's comfort, safety and efficiency, these s...Show More
Capacitive MEMS microphone roadmaps are mainly driven by increasing SNR and reducing size/cost. This requires smaller microphones, ASICs with lower noise and smaller area, and cheaper packaging. Because of fundamental limitations, traditional DC-biased microphones will have difficulty following these trends. This paper proposes an AC-biasing scheme, which leads to a significant reduction in ASIC s...Show More
This paper presents a 14 bit 200 MS/s current-steering DAC with a novel digital calibration technique called dynamic-mismatch mapping (DMM). By optimizing the switching sequence of current cells to reduce the dynamic integral nonlinearity in an I-Q domain, the DMM technique digitally calibrates all mismatch errors so that both the DAC static and dynamic performance can be significantly improved in...Show More
A 14-bit 200MS/s current-steering DAC with a novel digital calibration technique called dynamic-mismatch mapping (DMM) is presented. Compared to traditional static-mismatch mapping and dynamic element matching, DMM reduces the nonlinearities caused by both amplitude and timing errors, without noise penalty. This 0.14μm CMOS DAC achieves a state-of-the-art performance of SFDR>78dBc, IM3<;-83dBc and...Show More
An area reducing design methodology is used to design three 0.04mm2, 5th order, 1-bit, ΣΔ modulators. A 1.2V/65nm chip contains a feedback (FB) modulator sampled at 1GHz, and a 1.1V/45nm chip contains a FB and feed-forward (FF) modulator sampled at 1.5Ghz. Each modulator achieves an SNR of 60dB in 15MHz. Furthermore a method is presented, which perfectly compensates for excess phase in a ΣΔloop, w...Show More