Abstract:
Extracting and analyzing crime patterns in big cities is a challenging spatiotemporal problem. The hardness of the problem is linked to two main factors, the sparse natur...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Extracting and analyzing crime patterns in big cities is a challenging spatiotemporal problem. The hardness of the problem is linked to two main factors, the sparse nature of the crime activity and its spread in large spatial areas. Sparseness hampers most time series (crime time series) comparison methods from working properly, while the handling of large urban areas tends to render the computational costs of such methods impractical. Visualizing different patterns hidden in crime time series data is another issue in this context, mainly due to the number of patterns that can show up in the time series analysis. In this article, we present a new methodology to deal with the issues above, enabling the analysis of spatiotemporal crime patterns in a street-level of detail. Our approach is made up of two main components designed to handle the spatial sparsity and spreading of crimes in large areas of the city. The first component relies on a stochastic mechanism from which one can visually analyze probable×intensive crime hotspots. Such analysis reveals important patterns that can not be observed in the typical intensity-based hotspot visualization. The second component builds upon a deep learning mechanism to embed crime time series in Cartesian space. From the embedding, one can identify spatial locations where the crime time series have similar behavior. The two components have been integrated into a web-based analytical tool called CriPAV (Crime Pattern Analysis and Visualization), which enables global as well as a street-level view of crime patterns. Developed in close collaboration with domain experts, CriPAV has been validated through a set of case studies with real crime data in São Paulo - Brazil. The provided experiments and case studies reveal the effectiveness of CriPAV in identifying patterns such as locations where crimes are not intense but highly probable to occur as well as locations that are far apart from each other but bear similar crime patterns.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics ( Volume: 28, Issue: 12, 01 December 2022)
Funding Agency:
ICMC-USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Germain García-Zanabria received the BE degree in system engineering from Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru, in 2012, the MSc degree in computer science from the San Pablo Catholic University, Arequipa, Peru, in 2016, and the PhD degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP), São Carlos, Brazil, in 2021. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with San Pablo Catholic U...Show More
Germain García-Zanabria received the BE degree in system engineering from Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru, in 2012, the MSc degree in computer science from the San Pablo Catholic University, Arequipa, Peru, in 2016, and the PhD degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP), São Carlos, Brazil, in 2021. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with San Pablo Catholic U...View more
Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Marcos M. Raimundo received the BS degree in computer engineering, the MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas. His research interests include machine learning, multiobjective optimization, mathematical programming, and oper...Show More
Marcos M. Raimundo received the BS degree in computer engineering, the MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas. His research interests include machine learning, multiobjective optimization, mathematical programming, and oper...View more
Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Jorge Poco (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree in system engineering from the National University of San Agustín, Peru, in 2008, the MSc degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010, and the PhD degree in computer science from New York University in 2015. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil. His research interests ...Show More
Jorge Poco (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree in system engineering from the National University of San Agustín, Peru, in 2008, the MSc degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010, and the PhD degree in computer science from New York University in 2015. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil. His research interests ...View more
RIDC -FAPESP and Institute of Advanced Studies – Global Cities Program, São Paulo, Brazil
Marcelo Batista Nery received the master's degree in remote sensing from the National Institute for Space Research, Brazil, and the PhD degree in sociology from the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, with Split PhD degree from the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a technology transfer coordinator with Center for the Study of Violence (RIDC -FAPESP...Show More
Marcelo Batista Nery received the master's degree in remote sensing from the National Institute for Space Research, Brazil, and the PhD degree in sociology from the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, with Split PhD degree from the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a technology transfer coordinator with Center for the Study of Violence (RIDC -FAPESP...View more
New York University, New York, NY, USA
Cláudio T. Silva (Fellow, IEEE) received the BS degree in mathematics from Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, the MS and PhD degrees in computer science from SUNY-Stony Brook. He is currently a professor of computer science and engineering and data science with New York University. He has authored or coauthored more than 250 peer reviewed journal and conference papers and he has been an inventor on 12 US patents. His ...Show More
Cláudio T. Silva (Fellow, IEEE) received the BS degree in mathematics from Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, the MS and PhD degrees in computer science from SUNY-Stony Brook. He is currently a professor of computer science and engineering and data science with New York University. He has authored or coauthored more than 250 peer reviewed journal and conference papers and he has been an inventor on 12 US patents. His ...View more
NEV-CEPID/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
Sergio Adorno is currently the director of the Center for the Study of Violence, University of São Paulo (NEV/USP) and a professor with the Department of Sociology, University of São Paulo (USP). He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, USP, from 2012 to 2016, executive secretary of the National Association for Research in Social Sciences ANPOCS from 1997 to 2000 and the president of the...Show More
Sergio Adorno is currently the director of the Center for the Study of Violence, University of São Paulo (NEV/USP) and a professor with the Department of Sociology, University of São Paulo (USP). He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, USP, from 2012 to 2016, executive secretary of the National Association for Research in Social Sciences ANPOCS from 1997 to 2000 and the president of the...View more
Luis Gustavo Nonato (Member, IEEE) received the PhD degree in applied mathematics from the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, in 1998. His research interests include visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He is currently a professor with the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil. From 2017 to 2018, ...Show More
Luis Gustavo Nonato (Member, IEEE) received the PhD degree in applied mathematics from the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, in 1998. His research interests include visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He is currently a professor with the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil. From 2017 to 2018, ...View more
Contents ICMC-USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Germain García-Zanabria received the BE degree in system engineering from Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru, in 2012, the MSc degree in computer science from the San Pablo Catholic University, Arequipa, Peru, in 2016, and the PhD degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP), São Carlos, Brazil, in 2021. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with San Pablo Catholic University, Peru. His research interests include data science, data visualization, visual analytics, and visual learning models.
Germain García-Zanabria received the BE degree in system engineering from Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru, in 2012, the MSc degree in computer science from the San Pablo Catholic University, Arequipa, Peru, in 2016, and the PhD degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo (ICMC-USP), São Carlos, Brazil, in 2021. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with San Pablo Catholic University, Peru. His research interests include data science, data visualization, visual analytics, and visual learning models.View more
Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Marcos M. Raimundo received the BS degree in computer engineering, the MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas. His research interests include machine learning, multiobjective optimization, mathematical programming, and operations research.
Marcos M. Raimundo received the BS degree in computer engineering, the MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas. His research interests include machine learning, multiobjective optimization, mathematical programming, and operations research.View more
Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Jorge Poco (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree in system engineering from the National University of San Agustín, Peru, in 2008, the MSc degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010, and the PhD degree in computer science from New York University in 2015. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil. His research interests include data visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He was with several program committees, including IEEE SciVis, IEEE InfoVis, and EuroVis.
Jorge Poco (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree in system engineering from the National University of San Agustín, Peru, in 2008, the MSc degree in computer science from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010, and the PhD degree in computer science from New York University in 2015. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brazil. His research interests include data visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He was with several program committees, including IEEE SciVis, IEEE InfoVis, and EuroVis.View more
RIDC -FAPESP and Institute of Advanced Studies – Global Cities Program, São Paulo, Brazil
Marcelo Batista Nery received the master's degree in remote sensing from the National Institute for Space Research, Brazil, and the PhD degree in sociology from the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, with Split PhD degree from the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a technology transfer coordinator with Center for the Study of Violence (RIDC -FAPESP) and research collaborator with the Institute of Advanced Studies – Global Cities Program, both from USP. His research interests include geo-information and sociology areas, with emphasis on spatial analysis, geoprocessing, urban planning, public security, homicide, criminal dynamics, and urban spatial distribution.
Marcelo Batista Nery received the master's degree in remote sensing from the National Institute for Space Research, Brazil, and the PhD degree in sociology from the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, with Split PhD degree from the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a technology transfer coordinator with Center for the Study of Violence (RIDC -FAPESP) and research collaborator with the Institute of Advanced Studies – Global Cities Program, both from USP. His research interests include geo-information and sociology areas, with emphasis on spatial analysis, geoprocessing, urban planning, public security, homicide, criminal dynamics, and urban spatial distribution.View more
New York University, New York, NY, USA
Cláudio T. Silva (Fellow, IEEE) received the BS degree in mathematics from Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, the MS and PhD degrees in computer science from SUNY-Stony Brook. He is currently a professor of computer science and engineering and data science with New York University. He has authored or coauthored more than 250 peer reviewed journal and conference papers and he has been an inventor on 12 US patents. His research interests include data science, visualization, graphics, and geometry processing, currently he has been particularly interested in urban and sports applications. He has advised or coadvised 15 postdocs, 20 PhD and nine MS students. He was the recipient of the IEEE Visualization Technical Achievement Award. His work has been covered in The New York Times, The Economist, ESPN, and other major news media.
Cláudio T. Silva (Fellow, IEEE) received the BS degree in mathematics from Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, the MS and PhD degrees in computer science from SUNY-Stony Brook. He is currently a professor of computer science and engineering and data science with New York University. He has authored or coauthored more than 250 peer reviewed journal and conference papers and he has been an inventor on 12 US patents. His research interests include data science, visualization, graphics, and geometry processing, currently he has been particularly interested in urban and sports applications. He has advised or coadvised 15 postdocs, 20 PhD and nine MS students. He was the recipient of the IEEE Visualization Technical Achievement Award. His work has been covered in The New York Times, The Economist, ESPN, and other major news media.View more
NEV-CEPID/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
Sergio Adorno is currently the director of the Center for the Study of Violence, University of São Paulo (NEV/USP) and a professor with the Department of Sociology, University of São Paulo (USP). He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, USP, from 2012 to 2016, executive secretary of the National Association for Research in Social Sciences ANPOCS from 1997 to 2000 and the president of the Brazilian Society of Sociology from 1991 to 1995. From1994 to 1995, he did a postdoctoral internship with the Centre de Recherches Sociologiques sur le Droit et les Institutions Pénales, CESDIP, França. He teaches sociological theory and political sociology. His research interests mainly include violence, human rights, crime and social control, theory of justice and democracy, and social public policies.
Sergio Adorno is currently the director of the Center for the Study of Violence, University of São Paulo (NEV/USP) and a professor with the Department of Sociology, University of São Paulo (USP). He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, USP, from 2012 to 2016, executive secretary of the National Association for Research in Social Sciences ANPOCS from 1997 to 2000 and the president of the Brazilian Society of Sociology from 1991 to 1995. From1994 to 1995, he did a postdoctoral internship with the Centre de Recherches Sociologiques sur le Droit et les Institutions Pénales, CESDIP, França. He teaches sociological theory and political sociology. His research interests mainly include violence, human rights, crime and social control, theory of justice and democracy, and social public policies.View more
Luis Gustavo Nonato (Member, IEEE) received the PhD degree in applied mathematics from the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, in 1998. His research interests include visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He is currently a professor with the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil. From 2017 to 2018, he was a visiting professor with the Center for Data Science, New York University, New York. From 2008 to 2010, he was a visiting scholar with the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. He was with several program committees, including IEEE SciVis, IEEE InfoVis, and EuroVis, an associate editor for the Computer Graphics Forum. He is an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, and the editor-in-chief of the SBMAC SpringerBriefs in applied mathematics and computational sciences.
Luis Gustavo Nonato (Member, IEEE) received the PhD degree in applied mathematics from the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, in 1998. His research interests include visualization, visual analytics, machine learning, and data science. He is currently a professor with the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil. From 2017 to 2018, he was a visiting professor with the Center for Data Science, New York University, New York. From 2008 to 2010, he was a visiting scholar with the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. He was with several program committees, including IEEE SciVis, IEEE InfoVis, and EuroVis, an associate editor for the Computer Graphics Forum. He is an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, and the editor-in-chief of the SBMAC SpringerBriefs in applied mathematics and computational sciences.View more
