Psychometric Properties and Construct Validity of Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) Indonesian Version

This study aims to adapt the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) into Bahasa Indonesia and to test its psychometric properties for Indonesian use. OLRS was formed by five dimensions: computer/internet self-efficacy, self-directed learning, motivation for learning, learner control, and online communication self-efficacy. The adaptation process was carried out in two phases, the first phase of translation and the second phase of empirical testing. The procedure of adaptation is performed following adequate adaptation guidelines. After being translated, the scale was administered to 749 respondents. The result of CFA indicates a good model fit.

I. Introduction

When the Covid-19 pandemic hit the entire world, many changes were put in place to prevent a massive spread [1]. One form of change must be made in learning activities, from faceto-face learning to online learning [2]. Even though onlinebased technology is very familiar in the community, its use for learning is minimal and causes several problems [3] [4]. Several online media are used in education by students and teachers in Indonesia, e.g., Whatsapp, Microsoft learning, or Google Classroom, Zoom, Skype, etc. [5]. These various applications have become familiar to use, even though previously they were not very popular.