Delay aware measurements gathering in WAMS communication network

The rapid deployment of phasor measurements units (PMUs) supporting Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) in smart grid has opened opportunities to enhance the grid operations through the introduction of WAMS applications. However, the increased deployment of synchrophasor technologies increases the effective attack surface available to attackers and exposes WAMS applications. Such applications have strict and stringent delay requirements, e.g., end to end delay as well as delay variation between measurements from different PMUs. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for constructing forwarding trees for PMUs' measurements which satisfy the end-to-end delay as well as the delay variation under delay attacks. We illustrate that simple shortest path routing will result in larger fraction of data drop and that our method will achieve better delivery rate. We also validate our method against delay attacks affecting certain links in the network.

1 Introduction

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been increasingly deployed over the past decade as a leading measurement technology for the smart grid transmission system. Such deployment has opened opportunities to utilize new applications and enhance the grid operations. PMUs provide time-stamped high-resolution measurements. These time-stamped measurements are then transmitted to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). The role of the PDC is to aggregate and correlate the time-stamped measurements from different PMUs, then sends the correlated measurements to a Super PDC at the control centre. This synchrophasor system is used to monitor and control the power grid by collecting measurement values, displayed and processed by human operators and/or applications, from widely dispersed areas.