I. Introduction
Recently, single-phase permanent magnet (PM) linear oscillating actuators (LOAs) become increasingly popular in many industrial applications, such as compressors, pumps, vibrators, etc. [1]–[6], mainly because of their inherent high power density and high efficiency. In [6] a planar flux concentration type IPM LOA was proposed, and its performance further was further analyzed in [7]. While due to the advance of soft magnetic composite material [8] proposed a tubular quasi-Halbach magnetized PM LOA, the performance of machines equipped with non-magnetic and ferromagnetic mover back-iron was compared, the efficiency of >93% being recorded for both cases. In [9] alternative actuator topologies were described, and their finite element (FE) predicted electromagnetic performance was compared. Consequently, a 3-pole interior PM (IPM) topology was identified and further analyzed in [10]. However, the investigation in [8]–[10] only focused on the C-core PM actuators.