Abstract:
In this study, we propose a microwave sensor, which is composed of triple complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), for liquid recognition. Compared to a single CSRR (...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
In this study, we propose a microwave sensor, which is composed of triple complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), for liquid recognition. Compared to a single CSRR (S-CSRR), the sensor exhibits more resonant features, enabling high identification accuracy. The sensor aims to recognize liquids in common drink bottles without damaging the contents, offering significant potential for safety inspection. However, challenges arise due to error factors such as placement, dimensions of the bottles, and, in particular, uneven surfaces. To address these issues, we employ a feedforward neural network (FNN) to enhance accuracy. A total of 26 different liquid samples are tested, and for each sample, 160 measured S_{21} datasets are used for training the FNN parameters, while 40 datasets serve to validate the model. When the bottles are positioned upright, the trained model achieves a stable identification accuracy of 97% after 2000 epochs. To improve the performance which is limited by the air frustum groove between the bottle and the sensing region, we propose placing the bottles on the sensor with the cap facing downward. This configuration minimizes the air gap, as the relatively flat cap fits closely with the sensing area. With this adjustment, the trained model achieves 100% accuracy after 800 epochs, demonstrating improved accuracy and efficiency. The proposed identification method and sensor also have potential applications in chemical, biological, and medicinal liquid analysis.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ( Volume: 74)
Funding Agency:
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Yi Fan Zhou is currently pursuing the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He will pursue the M.S. degree in electronic engineering with The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
His research interests include microwave sensors and measurement assisted by deep learning.
Yi Fan Zhou is currently pursuing the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He will pursue the M.S. degree in electronic engineering with The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
His research interests include microwave sensors and measurement assisted by deep learning.View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Jing Lei Yong received the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology from Soochow University, Suzhou, China, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in electronic science and technology engineering.
His current research interests include microwave sensors and measurement.
Jing Lei Yong received the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology from Soochow University, Suzhou, China, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in electronic science and technology engineering.
His current research interests include microwave sensors and measurement.View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Peng Li received the B.S. degree in physics from Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China, in 2001, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., in 2008.
From 2008 to 2011, he was a Post-Doctoral Researcher with the University of Cambridge. From 2011 to 2019, he was a foun...Show More
Peng Li received the B.S. degree in physics from Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China, in 2001, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., in 2008.
From 2008 to 2011, he was a Post-Doctoral Researcher with the University of Cambridge. From 2011 to 2019, he was a foun...View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Yun Jing Zhang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from Hunan University, Changsha, China, in 2013, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tongji University, Shanghai, China, in 2016 and 2019, respectively.
From 2017 to 2019, he was with The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, where he was a Visiting Scholar, and developed significant parts of his Ph.D. research. He is currently an Associate Professor with Soo...Show More
Yun Jing Zhang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from Hunan University, Changsha, China, in 2013, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tongji University, Shanghai, China, in 2016 and 2019, respectively.
From 2017 to 2019, he was with The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, where he was a Visiting Scholar, and developed significant parts of his Ph.D. research. He is currently an Associate Professor with Soo...View more
Contents School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Yi Fan Zhou is currently pursuing the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He will pursue the M.S. degree in electronic engineering with The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
His research interests include microwave sensors and measurement assisted by deep learning.
Yi Fan Zhou is currently pursuing the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He will pursue the M.S. degree in electronic engineering with The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
His research interests include microwave sensors and measurement assisted by deep learning.View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Jing Lei Yong received the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology from Soochow University, Suzhou, China, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in electronic science and technology engineering.
His current research interests include microwave sensors and measurement.
Jing Lei Yong received the B.S. degree in electronic science and technology from Soochow University, Suzhou, China, in 2022, where he is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in electronic science and technology engineering.
His current research interests include microwave sensors and measurement.View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Peng Li received the B.S. degree in physics from Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China, in 2001, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., in 2008.
From 2008 to 2011, he was a Post-Doctoral Researcher with the University of Cambridge. From 2011 to 2019, he was a founder of WEIMU Inc., Suzhou, China, which focuses on the Research and Development of instruments in chemical, physical, and biochemical analysis. He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He has published more than 100 articles in refereed journals and conference proceedings and held more than 40 patents. His research interests include biochemical and chemical analysis, semiconductor devices, and analytical instruments.
Peng Li received the B.S. degree in physics from Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China, in 2001, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., in 2008.
From 2008 to 2011, he was a Post-Doctoral Researcher with the University of Cambridge. From 2011 to 2019, he was a founder of WEIMU Inc., Suzhou, China, which focuses on the Research and Development of instruments in chemical, physical, and biochemical analysis. He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He has published more than 100 articles in refereed journals and conference proceedings and held more than 40 patents. His research interests include biochemical and chemical analysis, semiconductor devices, and analytical instruments.View more
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Yun Jing Zhang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from Hunan University, Changsha, China, in 2013, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tongji University, Shanghai, China, in 2016 and 2019, respectively.
From 2017 to 2019, he was with The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, where he was a Visiting Scholar, and developed significant parts of his Ph.D. research. He is currently an Associate Professor with Soochow University, Suzhou, where he teaches courses on electromagnetics and antenna theory. He has authored more than 60 papers published in international journals and conference proceedings. His current research interests include metasurfaces, microwave sensors, PT-symmetry theory in electromagnetics, miniature antennas, and UHF RFID tag antennas.
Dr. Zhang received the Honorable Mention for the Best Student Paper Award of PhotonIcs and Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Xiamen, China, in 2019. In 2023, he was selected as a recipient of the Young Scientist Award (YSA) at PIERS 2023.
Yun Jing Zhang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from Hunan University, Changsha, China, in 2013, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tongji University, Shanghai, China, in 2016 and 2019, respectively.
From 2017 to 2019, he was with The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, where he was a Visiting Scholar, and developed significant parts of his Ph.D. research. He is currently an Associate Professor with Soochow University, Suzhou, where he teaches courses on electromagnetics and antenna theory. He has authored more than 60 papers published in international journals and conference proceedings. His current research interests include metasurfaces, microwave sensors, PT-symmetry theory in electromagnetics, miniature antennas, and UHF RFID tag antennas.
Dr. Zhang received the Honorable Mention for the Best Student Paper Award of PhotonIcs and Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Xiamen, China, in 2019. In 2023, he was selected as a recipient of the Young Scientist Award (YSA) at PIERS 2023.View more
