Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool with millions of scans performed annually. However, the presence of active implantable medical devices (...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool with millions of scans performed annually. However, the presence of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), such as neurostimulators, can pose significant safety risks due to interactions of AIMDs and the MRI's electromagnetic fields. Specifically, radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating can lead to device malfunction or tissue damage. To address these risks, this study introduces a novel automated scaling and validation test system to evaluate the safety of AIMDs during MRI scans. The system streamlines the process of positioning AIMDs along various trajectories and measuring RF-induced heating, significantly reducing manual intervention and potential errors. Results demonstrate enhanced efficiency and reliability in AIMD model validation, with a high correlation between predicted and measured results. By automating the validation process, this system has the potential to improve patient safety, reduce costs, and expand the use of MRI for patients with AIMDs.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility ( Volume: 67, Issue: 3, June 2025)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ziyu Zuo is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in implantable medical device safety under MRI with the Department of ECE, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is a Research Assistant with the NSF Center for EMC Research. His work aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of these measurements, ensuring the safety of patients with AIMDs. His research interests include AIMD MRI safety, specifically on AIMD d...Show More
Ziyu Zuo is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in implantable medical device safety under MRI with the Department of ECE, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is a Research Assistant with the NSF Center for EMC Research. His work aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of these measurements, ensuring the safety of patients with AIMDs. His research interests include AIMD MRI safety, specifically on AIMD d...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ao Shen received the bachelor's degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China, in 2023. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in effect of implantable device on neural activation under MRI with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer ...Show More
Ao Shen received the bachelor's degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China, in 2023. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in effect of implantable device on neural activation under MRI with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer ...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Farshad Ebrahimi received the M.S. degree in electronic engineering from Islamic Azad university of Najafabad, Iran, in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, where his research integrates electromagnetics, biomedic...Show More
Farshad Ebrahimi received the M.S. degree in electronic engineering from Islamic Azad university of Najafabad, Iran, in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, where his research integrates electromagnetics, biomedic...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Qingyan Wang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronics and information engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, in 2016.
He has been a Research Assistant Professor with the University of Houston since 2022. His current research interests include applied electromagne...Show More
Qingyan Wang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronics and information engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, in 2016.
He has been a Research Assistant Professor with the University of Houston since 2022. His current research interests include applied electromagne...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Jianfeng Zheng (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronic information engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2002 and 2009, respectively.
He was an Assistant Researcher with the State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and ...Show More
Jianfeng Zheng (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronic information engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2002 and 2009, respectively.
He was an Assistant Researcher with the State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and ...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Hongbae Jeong (Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in biomedical and electronic engineering from the Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2009, the M.S. degree in medical science from the Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in clinical neurosciences from the University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., in 2019.
He was an Assistant Official for Medical Technology ...Show More
Hongbae Jeong (Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in biomedical and electronic engineering from the Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2009, the M.S. degree in medical science from the Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in clinical neurosciences from the University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., in 2019.
He was an Assistant Official for Medical Technology ...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ananda Kumar (Member, IEEE) received the undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering with a minor in electrical engineering from Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA, in 1996, the master's degree in bioengineering from the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA, in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, in 2008.
He was employed as a Research Associate in magne...Show More
Ananda Kumar (Member, IEEE) received the undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering with a minor in electrical engineering from Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA, in 1996, the master's degree in bioengineering from the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA, in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, in 2008.
He was employed as a Research Associate in magne...View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ji Chen (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1989, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA, in 1998.
He is currently a Cullen College of Engineering Professor ...Show More
Ji Chen (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1989, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA, in 1998.
He is currently a Cullen College of Engineering Professor ...View more
Contents Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ziyu Zuo is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in implantable medical device safety under MRI with the Department of ECE, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is a Research Assistant with the NSF Center for EMC Research. His work aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of these measurements, ensuring the safety of patients with AIMDs. His research interests include AIMD MRI safety, specifically on AIMD device validation and AIMD measurement system development.
Ziyu Zuo is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in implantable medical device safety under MRI with the Department of ECE, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is a Research Assistant with the NSF Center for EMC Research. His work aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of these measurements, ensuring the safety of patients with AIMDs. His research interests include AIMD MRI safety, specifically on AIMD device validation and AIMD measurement system development.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ao Shen received the bachelor's degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China, in 2023. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in effect of implantable device on neural activation under MRI with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Electromagnetics Laboratory, University of Houston. His research interests include electromagnetic compatibility of implantable medical devices, neural stimulation, and MRI safety assessment.
Ao Shen received the bachelor's degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China, in 2023. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in effect of implantable device on neural activation under MRI with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Electromagnetics Laboratory, University of Houston. His research interests include electromagnetic compatibility of implantable medical devices, neural stimulation, and MRI safety assessment.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Farshad Ebrahimi received the M.S. degree in electronic engineering from Islamic Azad university of Najafabad, Iran, in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, where his research integrates electromagnetics, biomedical applications, and RF measurements. His work focuses on RF circuit design, Gm-C filters, analog and digital IC design, and applied electromagnetics, particularly in MRI safety for patients with medical implants.
Farshad Ebrahimi received the M.S. degree in electronic engineering from Islamic Azad university of Najafabad, Iran, in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering with the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
He is currently a Research Assistant with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, where his research integrates electromagnetics, biomedical applications, and RF measurements. His work focuses on RF circuit design, Gm-C filters, analog and digital IC design, and applied electromagnetics, particularly in MRI safety for patients with medical implants.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Qingyan Wang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronics and information engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, in 2016.
He has been a Research Assistant Professor with the University of Houston since 2022. His current research interests include applied electromagnetics on biomedical applications, MRI RF safety modeling, RF measurement, etc.
Qingyan Wang (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronics and information engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, in 2016.
He has been a Research Assistant Professor with the University of Houston since 2022. His current research interests include applied electromagnetics on biomedical applications, MRI RF safety modeling, RF measurement, etc.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Jianfeng Zheng (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronic information engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2002 and 2009, respectively.
He was an Assistant Researcher with the State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. His current research interests include magnetic resonance (MR) safety, antenna and wireless channel in medicine, neurostimulation, EM compatibility, and wireless power transfer.
Jianfeng Zheng (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electronic information engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electronic science and technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2002 and 2009, respectively.
He was an Assistant Researcher with the State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. His current research interests include magnetic resonance (MR) safety, antenna and wireless channel in medicine, neurostimulation, EM compatibility, and wireless power transfer.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Hongbae Jeong (Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in biomedical and electronic engineering from the Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2009, the M.S. degree in medical science from the Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in clinical neurosciences from the University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., in 2019.
He was an Assistant Official for Medical Technology with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, South Korea between 2013 and 2014, and a Research Fellow with the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA, between 2019 and 2022. He is currently a Visiting Scientist with the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA. His research interests include the virtual human model development for the computational simulation and magnetic resonance imaging safety of implantable medical devices.
Hongbae Jeong (Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in biomedical and electronic engineering from the Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2009, the M.S. degree in medical science from the Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea, in 2011, and the Ph.D. degree in clinical neurosciences from the University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., in 2019.
He was an Assistant Official for Medical Technology with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, South Korea between 2013 and 2014, and a Research Fellow with the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA, between 2019 and 2022. He is currently a Visiting Scientist with the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA. His research interests include the virtual human model development for the computational simulation and magnetic resonance imaging safety of implantable medical devices.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ananda Kumar (Member, IEEE) received the undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering with a minor in electrical engineering from Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA, in 1996, the master's degree in bioengineering from the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA, in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, in 2008.
He was employed as a Research Associate in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware development with the Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, between 2000 and 2009. He was employed as the Principal and Technical Director with Lambda Z Technologies, Inc. developing MRI hardware for research applications. He is currently, a Senior Staff Fellow, Electrical Engineer with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the MR Safety Subprogram, with the Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). He is the author and coauthor of several journal articles and conference publications and holds four U.S. patents. His research interests include EMC, EMI, and the RF safety of medical devices under MRI.
Ananda Kumar (Member, IEEE) received the undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering with a minor in electrical engineering from Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA, in 1996, the master's degree in bioengineering from the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA, in 1999, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, in 2008.
He was employed as a Research Associate in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware development with the Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, between 2000 and 2009. He was employed as the Principal and Technical Director with Lambda Z Technologies, Inc. developing MRI hardware for research applications. He is currently, a Senior Staff Fellow, Electrical Engineer with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the MR Safety Subprogram, with the Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). He is the author and coauthor of several journal articles and conference publications and holds four U.S. patents. His research interests include EMC, EMI, and the RF safety of medical devices under MRI.View more
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Ji Chen (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1989, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA, in 1998.
He is currently a Cullen College of Engineering Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. His research interests include bioelectromagnetics with applications to MRI systems and numerical modeling.
Dr. Chen received the ORISE Fellowship in 2006, the Motorola Engineering Award in 2000. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).
Ji Chen (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1989, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA, in 1998.
He is currently a Cullen College of Engineering Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. His research interests include bioelectromagnetics with applications to MRI systems and numerical modeling.
Dr. Chen received the ORISE Fellowship in 2006, the Motorola Engineering Award in 2000. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).View more
