A Dual-Stream Network with Non-Stationary Characteristics-Enhanced for SST Image Prediction

Sea surface temperature (SST) prediction is crucial for understanding global climate and marine ecosystems, and its anomalies can lead to extreme weather events. SST exhibits complex non-stationary over natural spatio-temporal processes. However, most of the existing deep learning methods for SST prediction only extract non-stationary features through the simple state transitions of classic CNNs or RNNs, which are too simplistic to capture higher-order non-stationary trends in complex SST sequences. Therefore, we propose a DSNet_SST network, aiming to enhance the extraction of non-stationary information from the spatio-temporal SST evolution. It incorporates two parallel modules: one for capturing high-order temporal non-stationarity based on stacked memory in memory (MIM) blocks and the other one for extracting spatial correlation non-stationarity by multiscale difference operation. A third module adaptively integrates these features to improve the accuracy and stability of SST prediction. The experimental results, relying on the OISST data obtained from both remote sensing satellites and in situ platforms, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed DSNet_SST over baseline methods in terms of SST prediction accuracy.