Abstract:
This study presents an ultraminiaturized implantable in-band full-duplex (IBFD) antenna, designed for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) applications. Through the integrati...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
This study presents an ultraminiaturized implantable in-band full-duplex (IBFD) antenna, designed for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) applications. Through the integration of semicircular slots and shorting pins, the antenna achieves a small volume of 7.17 mm3 ( \pi \times (3 mm) ^{2} \times 0.254 mm), surpassing the state-of-the-art in compactness. Simulations of the proposed design are conducted within a human body phantom to demonstrate the antenna’s operation at 2.45 GHz. Radiation patterns from both ports are nearly omnidirectional, and an isolation level of greater than 28 dB is achieved. Our results indicate that the antenna can establish reliable wireless communication over distances exceeding 8 m, with a 10-dB margin at both ports. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values at 2.45 GHz are found to be 29.7 W/kg at 1 W input power. Experimental validation using minced pork demonstrated a good agreement with simulation results.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ( Volume: 73, Issue: 2, February 2025)
Funding Agency:
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Abdullah Alshammari (Student Member, IEEE) was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication and software engineering from Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan, in 2015, and the M.Sc. degree in microelectronic and communication and engineering from Northumbria University, U.K., in 2020. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in antenna and propagation with Durham Universit...Show More
Abdullah Alshammari (Student Member, IEEE) was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication and software engineering from Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan, in 2015, and the M.Sc. degree in microelectronic and communication and engineering from Northumbria University, U.K., in 2020. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in antenna and propagation with Durham Universit...View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Amjad Iqbal (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2016, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2018, and the Ph.D. degree in engineering from Multimedia University, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2021.
He worked as a Laboratory Engineer with the Department of Electrical Engin...Show More
Amjad Iqbal (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2016, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2018, and the Ph.D. degree in engineering from Multimedia University, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2021.
He worked as a Laboratory Engineer with the Department of Electrical Engin...View more
Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Abdul Basir (Member, IEEE) was born in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2021.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with Hanyang University. His research interests include implant...Show More
Abdul Basir (Member, IEEE) was born in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2021.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with Hanyang University. His research interests include implant...View more
Network and Communications Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Muath Al-Hasan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, in 2005, the M.A.Sc. degree in wireless communications from Yarmouk University, Irbid, in 2008, and the Ph.D. degree in telecommunication engineering from Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Quebec, Canada, 2015.
From 2013 to 201...Show More
Muath Al-Hasan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, in 2005, the M.A.Sc. degree in wireless communications from Yarmouk University, Irbid, in 2008, and the Ph.D. degree in telecommunication engineering from Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Quebec, Canada, 2015.
From 2013 to 201...View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 2010, the M.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, in 2018. After completing his Ph.D., he pursued postdoctoral ...Show More
Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 2010, the M.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, in 2018. After completing his Ph.D., he pursued postdoctoral ...View more
Communications Research Laboratory, University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Val-d’Or, QC, Canada
Mourad Nedil (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.Ing. degree from the University of Algiers (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria, in 1996, the D.E.A (M.S.) degree from the University of Marne la Vallée, Marne la Vallée, France, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université de Québec, Montréal. QC, Canada, in April 2006.
He completed a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at INRS-...Show More
Mourad Nedil (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.Ing. degree from the University of Algiers (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria, in 1996, the D.E.A (M.S.) degree from the University of Marne la Vallée, Marne la Vallée, France, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université de Québec, Montréal. QC, Canada, in April 2006.
He completed a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at INRS-...View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Ismail Ben Mabrouk (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Lille, Lille, France, in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada, in 2012.
From 2007 to 2009, he was with Huawei Technologies, Paris, France. In 2012, he joined the Wireless Devices and Systems (WiDeS) Group...Show More
Ismail Ben Mabrouk (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Lille, Lille, France, in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada, in 2012.
From 2007 to 2009, he was with Huawei Technologies, Paris, France. In 2012, he joined the Wireless Devices and Systems (WiDeS) Group...View more
Contents Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Abdullah Alshammari (Student Member, IEEE) was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication and software engineering from Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan, in 2015, and the M.Sc. degree in microelectronic and communication and engineering from Northumbria University, U.K., in 2020. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in antenna and propagation with Durham University, U.K.
His research interests include biomedical implantable antennas, wireless capsule endoscopy, and flexible antennas.
Abdullah Alshammari (Student Member, IEEE) was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in communication and software engineering from Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan, in 2015, and the M.Sc. degree in microelectronic and communication and engineering from Northumbria University, U.K., in 2020. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in antenna and propagation with Durham University, U.K.
His research interests include biomedical implantable antennas, wireless capsule endoscopy, and flexible antennas.View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Amjad Iqbal (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2016, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2018, and the Ph.D. degree in engineering from Multimedia University, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2021.
He worked as a Laboratory Engineer with the Department of Electrical Engineering, CECOS University Peshawar, Peshawar, from 2016 to 2018. His research interests include printed antennas, flexible antennas, implantable antennas, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, wireless power transfer, and synthesis of microwave components.
Amjad Iqbal (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2016, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2018, and the Ph.D. degree in engineering from Multimedia University, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2021.
He worked as a Laboratory Engineer with the Department of Electrical Engineering, CECOS University Peshawar, Peshawar, from 2016 to 2018. His research interests include printed antennas, flexible antennas, implantable antennas, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, wireless power transfer, and synthesis of microwave components.View more
Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Abdul Basir (Member, IEEE) was born in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2021.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with Hanyang University. His research interests include implantable antennas and systems, biomedical circuits, wearable antennas, MIMO communication, metamaterial, dielectric resonator antennas, reconfigurable antennas, long-range wireless power transfer, and wireless charging of biomedical implants.
Dr. Basir received the Silver Prize for the Best Student Paper Awards in Student Paper Contests 2018 and 2019, IEEE Seoul Section. His collaborated paper received the Best Paper Award 2019 by IEEE AP/MTT/EMC Joint Chapter Malaysia. He received the Third Prize for the Best Student Paper Completion 2018 by the Korea Communications Agency (KCA) and the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science (KIEES).
Abdul Basir (Member, IEEE) was born in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in 1989. He received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2021.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with Hanyang University. His research interests include implantable antennas and systems, biomedical circuits, wearable antennas, MIMO communication, metamaterial, dielectric resonator antennas, reconfigurable antennas, long-range wireless power transfer, and wireless charging of biomedical implants.
Dr. Basir received the Silver Prize for the Best Student Paper Awards in Student Paper Contests 2018 and 2019, IEEE Seoul Section. His collaborated paper received the Best Paper Award 2019 by IEEE AP/MTT/EMC Joint Chapter Malaysia. He received the Third Prize for the Best Student Paper Completion 2018 by the Korea Communications Agency (KCA) and the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science (KIEES).View more
Network and Communications Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Muath Al-Hasan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, in 2005, the M.A.Sc. degree in wireless communications from Yarmouk University, Irbid, in 2008, and the Ph.D. degree in telecommunication engineering from Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Quebec, Canada, 2015.
From 2013 to 2014, he was with Planets Inc., California, USA. In May 2015, he joined Concordia University, Canada as Postdoctoral Fellowship. He is currently an Assistant Professor with Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates. His current research interests include antenna design at millimeter-wave and terahertz, channel measurements in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and machine learning and artificial intelligence in antenna design.
Muath Al-Hasan (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, in 2005, the M.A.Sc. degree in wireless communications from Yarmouk University, Irbid, in 2008, and the Ph.D. degree in telecommunication engineering from Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Quebec, Canada, 2015.
From 2013 to 2014, he was with Planets Inc., California, USA. In May 2015, he joined Concordia University, Canada as Postdoctoral Fellowship. He is currently an Assistant Professor with Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates. His current research interests include antenna design at millimeter-wave and terahertz, channel measurements in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and machine learning and artificial intelligence in antenna design.View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 2010, the M.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, in 2018. After completing his Ph.D., he pursued postdoctoral research with Macquarie University, Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes, France, and Tyndall National Institute, Ireland.
He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Engineering, Durham University, U.K., where he specializes in the development of unconventional materials-based antennas and sensors for next-generation wireless communication and sensing systems. He has published over 60 refereed research papers in this field, including award-winning work. He has also taken on leadership roles at major international conferences.
Dr. Simorangkir received recognition as an outstanding reviewer for esteemed journals, notably from 2021 to 2023 for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.
Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 2010, the M.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, in 2018. After completing his Ph.D., he pursued postdoctoral research with Macquarie University, Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes, France, and Tyndall National Institute, Ireland.
He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Engineering, Durham University, U.K., where he specializes in the development of unconventional materials-based antennas and sensors for next-generation wireless communication and sensing systems. He has published over 60 refereed research papers in this field, including award-winning work. He has also taken on leadership roles at major international conferences.
Dr. Simorangkir received recognition as an outstanding reviewer for esteemed journals, notably from 2021 to 2023 for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.View more
Communications Research Laboratory, University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Val-d’Or, QC, Canada
Mourad Nedil (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.Ing. degree from the University of Algiers (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria, in 1996, the D.E.A (M.S.) degree from the University of Marne la Vallée, Marne la Vallée, France, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université de Québec, Montréal. QC, Canada, in April 2006.
He completed a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at INRS-EMT, within the RF Communications Systems Group, from 2006 to 2008. In June 2008, he joined the engineering school department, University of Quebec at abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada, where he is now a Full Professor. His research interests include antennas, MIMO radio-wave propagation, and microwave devices.
Mourad Nedil (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.Ing. degree from the University of Algiers (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria, in 1996, the D.E.A (M.S.) degree from the University of Marne la Vallée, Marne la Vallée, France, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université de Québec, Montréal. QC, Canada, in April 2006.
He completed a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at INRS-EMT, within the RF Communications Systems Group, from 2006 to 2008. In June 2008, he joined the engineering school department, University of Quebec at abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada, where he is now a Full Professor. His research interests include antennas, MIMO radio-wave propagation, and microwave devices.View more
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K.
Ismail Ben Mabrouk (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Lille, Lille, France, in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada, in 2012.
From 2007 to 2009, he was with Huawei Technologies, Paris, France. In 2012, he joined the Wireless Devices and Systems (WiDeS) Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. He is currently an Assistant Professor with Durham University, Durham, U.K. His research activities have been centered on antenna design at the millimeter-wave and THz frequencies, propagation studies for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, deep learning, and wireless body area network for medical applications.
Dr. Mabrouk was a recipient of the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE) in 2018.
Ismail Ben Mabrouk (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.A.Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Lille, Lille, France, in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada, in 2012.
From 2007 to 2009, he was with Huawei Technologies, Paris, France. In 2012, he joined the Wireless Devices and Systems (WiDeS) Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. He is currently an Assistant Professor with Durham University, Durham, U.K. His research activities have been centered on antenna design at the millimeter-wave and THz frequencies, propagation studies for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, deep learning, and wireless body area network for medical applications.
Dr. Mabrouk was a recipient of the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE) in 2018.View more
