Warped-Mapping-Based Multigather Joint Prestack Q Estimation

Quality factor Q is an important parameter that accounts for the amplitude dissipation and phase distortion of seismic waves propagating in the Earth’s interior. Q estimation with improved accuracy benefits nonstationary seismic inversion, seismic imaging, fluid identification, and so on. Usually, logarithmic spectral ratio (LSR) is widely used to estimate Q based on vertical seismic profile (VSP) and poststack data. However, LSR is very sensitive to noise, and the effect of normal moveout (NMO) distorts the spectrum of the stacked seismic data, leading to an inferior Q estimation result. To weaken the effect of NMO and enhance the accuracy of Q estimation, we expand an improved LSR method in the zero-offset traveltime-local slope (e.g., $t_{0}-p$ ) domain and propose a robust prestack Q estimation method based on common midpoint (CMP) gathers. The proposed method incorporates warped mapping (WM) and shaping regularization to stabilize it during Q estimation in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Additionally, we incorporate nonzero-offset information for Q estimation, which weakens the strong dependence on zero-offset information during prestack Q estimation. Compared with the single-gather prestack Q estimation methods (SPQEM), we make the most of the spatial coherence between the adjacent CMP to eliminate the unexpected noise-related outliers during spectral division for improved robustness and accuracy. Numerical examples are used to validate the superior performance of the proposed method, even in the presence of strong ambient noise.