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Timing-Driven Obstacle-Avoiding X-Architecture Steiner Minimum Tree Algorithm With Slack Constraints | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Timing-Driven Obstacle-Avoiding X-Architecture Steiner Minimum Tree Algorithm With Slack Constraints


Abstract:

Steiner minimum tree (SMT) is an optimized model for solving the routing problem of a multipin net in very large-scale integrated circuits. As the appearance of various o...Show More

Abstract:

Steiner minimum tree (SMT) is an optimized model for solving the routing problem of a multipin net in very large-scale integrated circuits. As the appearance of various obstacles on chips, the obstacle-avoiding problem has attracted much attention in recent years. Meanwhile, since interconnect delay plays a major role in chip delay, timing analysis is another critical problem worthy of consideration when constructing an SMT. Furthermore, the introduction of the \boldsymbol {X} -architecture allows for better utilization of routing resources. In this article, a timing-driven obstacle-avoiding X-architecture Steiner minimum tree algorithm with slack constraints (TD-OAXSMT-SC) is proposed to consider obstacle-avoiding, timing slack constraints, and \boldsymbol {X} -architecture simultaneously for the first time. The TD-OAXSMT-SC algorithm consists of four major stages: 1) in the routing tree initialization stage, this article constructs an \boldsymbol {X} -architecture Prim–Dijkstra spanning tree as the initial routing tree with minimum total delay; 2) in the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based routing tree iteration stage, a novel discrete PSO algorithm based on genetic operators is proposed to obtain a high-quality routing tree; 3) in the routing tree standardization stage, two effective standardization strategies are proposed to obtain a routing tree that satisfies both obstacle-avoiding and timing slack constraints; and 4) in the routing tree optimization stage, the connection of interconnected wires is optimized in a global manner, thus obtaining an optimized routing tree. Experimental results show that the proposed TD-OAXSMT-SC algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in routing quality with slack constraints.
Page(s): 2927 - 2940
Date of Publication: 30 January 2024

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