Abstract:
Extended reality (XR) applications often perform resource-intensive tasks, which are computed remotely, a process that prioritizes the latency criticality aspect. To this...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Extended reality (XR) applications often perform resource-intensive tasks, which are computed remotely, a process that prioritizes the latency criticality aspect. To this end, this article shows that through leveraging the power of the central cloud (CC), the close proximity of edge computers (ECs), and the flexibility of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), a UAV-aided hybrid cloud/mobile-edge computing architecture promises to handle the intricate requirements of future XR applications. In this context, this article distinguishes between two types of XR devices, namely, strong and weak devices. This article then introduces a cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (Co-NOMA) scheme, pairing strong and weak devices, so as to aid the XR devices quality-of-user experience by intelligently selecting either the direct or the relay links toward the weak XR devices. A sum logarithmic-rate maximization problem is, thus, formulated so as to jointly determine the computation and communication resources, and link-selection strategy as a means to strike a tradeoff between the system throughput and fairness. Subject to realistic network constraints, e.g., power consumption and delay, the optimization problem is then solved iteratively via discrete relaxations, successive-convex approximation, and fractional programming, an approach which can be implemented in a distributed fashion across the network. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithms performance in terms of log-rate maximization, delay-sensitivity, scalability, and runtime performance. The practical distributed Co-NOMA implementation is particularly shown to offer appreciable benefits over traditional multiple access and NOMA methods, highlighting its applicability in decentralized XR systems.
Published in: IEEE Internet of Things Journal ( Volume: 11, Issue: 7, 01 April 2024)
Funding Agency:
![Author image of Robert-Jeron Reifert](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/reife-3336393-small.gif)
Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Robert-Jeron Reifert (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, in 2019 and 2021, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Digital Communication Systems.
His research interests include wireless communication systems, mixed criticality, and resilience in 6G c...Show More
Robert-Jeron Reifert (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, in 2019 and 2021, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Digital Communication Systems.
His research interests include wireless communication systems, mixed criticality, and resilience in 6G c...View more
![Author image of Hayssam Dahrouj](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/dahro-3336393-small.gif)
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
Hayssam Dahrouj (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2010.
Since August 2022, he has been with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, where he is currently an Associate Professor. Prior to that, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Center of Excellence for NEOM Researc...Show More
Hayssam Dahrouj (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2010.
Since August 2022, he has been with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, where he is currently an Associate Professor. Prior to that, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Center of Excellence for NEOM Researc...View more
![Author image of Aydin Sezgin](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/sezgi-3336393-small.gif)
Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Aydin Sezgin (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dr. Ing. (Ph.D.) degree in electrical engineering from Technical University (TU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany, in 2005.
From 2001 to 2006, he was with Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin. From 2006 to 2008, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow and was also a Lecturer with the Information Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. From 200...Show More
Aydin Sezgin (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dr. Ing. (Ph.D.) degree in electrical engineering from Technical University (TU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany, in 2005.
From 2001 to 2006, he was with Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin. From 2006 to 2008, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow and was also a Lecturer with the Information Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. From 200...View more
![Author image of Robert-Jeron Reifert](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/reife-3336393-small.gif)
Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Robert-Jeron Reifert (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, in 2019 and 2021, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Digital Communication Systems.
His research interests include wireless communication systems, mixed criticality, and resilience in 6G communication networks and beyond.
Mr. Reifert is one of the recipients of the Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE) Rhein-Ruhr Graduate Student Award 2021.
Robert-Jeron Reifert (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, in 2019 and 2021, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Institute of Digital Communication Systems.
His research interests include wireless communication systems, mixed criticality, and resilience in 6G communication networks and beyond.
Mr. Reifert is one of the recipients of the Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE) Rhein-Ruhr Graduate Student Award 2021.View more
![Author image of Hayssam Dahrouj](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/dahro-3336393-small.gif)
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
Hayssam Dahrouj (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2010.
Since August 2022, he has been with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, where he is currently an Associate Professor. Prior to that, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Center of Excellence for NEOM Research, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. From June 2015 to June 2020, he was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and a Visiting Scholar with the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST, where he also was a Research Associate from April 2014 to May 2015. Prior to joining KAUST, he was an Industrial Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Toronto, in collaboration with BLiNQ Networks Inc., Kanata, ON, Canada, where he worked on developing practical solutions for the design of non-line-of sight wireless backhaul networks. His contributions to the field of backhaul networks led to a handful of relevant patents. During his Doctoral studies with UofT, he pioneered the idea of coordinated beamforming as a means of minimizing intercell interference in a distributed fashion across multiple base stations. The journal paper on this subject was ranked second in the 2013 IEEE Marconi Paper Awards in Wireless Communications. His main research interests include 6G wireless systems, smart cities, integrated space-air-ground networks, machine learning for wireless communications, underwater communications, convex optimization, machine-learning-based optimization, and distributed algorithms.
Prof. Dahrouj is the recipient of both the Faculty Award of Excellence in Research and the Faculty Award of Excellence in Teaching (at the University level) in May 2017. He is an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, an Editor of Springer (Nature) on Wireless Personal Communications, an Associate Editor of the Frontiers in Communications and Networks, and a Lead-Guest Editor of the Frontiers special issue on Resource Allocation in Cloud-Radio Access Networks and Fog-Radio Access Networks for B5G Systems.
Hayssam Dahrouj (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2010.
Since August 2022, he has been with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, where he is currently an Associate Professor. Prior to that, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Center of Excellence for NEOM Research, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. From June 2015 to June 2020, he was an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and a Visiting Scholar with the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST, where he also was a Research Associate from April 2014 to May 2015. Prior to joining KAUST, he was an Industrial Postdoctoral Fellow with the University of Toronto, in collaboration with BLiNQ Networks Inc., Kanata, ON, Canada, where he worked on developing practical solutions for the design of non-line-of sight wireless backhaul networks. His contributions to the field of backhaul networks led to a handful of relevant patents. During his Doctoral studies with UofT, he pioneered the idea of coordinated beamforming as a means of minimizing intercell interference in a distributed fashion across multiple base stations. The journal paper on this subject was ranked second in the 2013 IEEE Marconi Paper Awards in Wireless Communications. His main research interests include 6G wireless systems, smart cities, integrated space-air-ground networks, machine learning for wireless communications, underwater communications, convex optimization, machine-learning-based optimization, and distributed algorithms.
Prof. Dahrouj is the recipient of both the Faculty Award of Excellence in Research and the Faculty Award of Excellence in Teaching (at the University level) in May 2017. He is an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, an Editor of Springer (Nature) on Wireless Personal Communications, an Associate Editor of the Frontiers in Communications and Networks, and a Lead-Guest Editor of the Frontiers special issue on Resource Allocation in Cloud-Radio Access Networks and Fog-Radio Access Networks for B5G Systems.View more
![Author image of Aydin Sezgin](/mediastore/IEEE/content/freeimages/6488907/10479190/10328648/sezgi-3336393-small.gif)
Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Aydin Sezgin (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dr. Ing. (Ph.D.) degree in electrical engineering from Technical University (TU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany, in 2005.
From 2001 to 2006, he was with Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin. From 2006 to 2008, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow and was also a Lecturer with the Information Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. From 2008 to 2009, he was also a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. From 2009 to 2011, he was the Head of Emmy-Noether-Research Group on Wireless Networks, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. In 2011, he was a Professor with TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. He is currently a Professor with Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. He has published several book chapters, more than 70 journals, and 200 conference papers in these topics.
Prof. Sezgin is a winner of the ITG-Sponsorship Award in 2006. He was a first recipient of the prestigious Emmy-Noether Grant by the German Research Foundation in communication engineering in 2009. He has coauthored papers that received the Best Poster Award at the IEEE Communication Theory Workshop in 2011, the Best Paper Award at ICCSPA in 2015, at ICC in 2019, and at ISAP in 2023.
Aydin Sezgin (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dr. Ing. (Ph.D.) degree in electrical engineering from Technical University (TU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany, in 2005.
From 2001 to 2006, he was with Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin. From 2006 to 2008, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow and was also a Lecturer with the Information Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. From 2008 to 2009, he was also a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. From 2009 to 2011, he was the Head of Emmy-Noether-Research Group on Wireless Networks, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. In 2011, he was a Professor with TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. He is currently a Professor with Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. He has published several book chapters, more than 70 journals, and 200 conference papers in these topics.
Prof. Sezgin is a winner of the ITG-Sponsorship Award in 2006. He was a first recipient of the prestigious Emmy-Noether Grant by the German Research Foundation in communication engineering in 2009. He has coauthored papers that received the Best Poster Award at the IEEE Communication Theory Workshop in 2011, the Best Paper Award at ICCSPA in 2015, at ICC in 2019, and at ISAP in 2023.View more