Ground penetrating radar for tunnel detection

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems have important civil and military applications and can be used for surveying subsurface structures such as bunkers, tunnels and buried pipes. However, GPR systems for detecting deep tunnels still face many challenges, and their performance often depends on soil types, specific targets and subsurface geological features. This paper discusses challenges in tunnel detection and provides a useful and efficient procedure to develop system requirements and predict detection performance.