Path loss reduction for multiusers by different antenna arrays

In this paper, we use the shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBRlImage) method to compute the path loss for different outdoor environments. Three types of antenna arrays such as L shape, Y shape, and Circular shape arrays are used in the base station and their corresponding path loss on several routes in the outdoor environment are calculated. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA) and Dynamic Differential Evolution (DDE) are employed to optimize the excitation voltages and phases for antenna arrays to form proper antenna patterns. The particle swarm optimization algorithm has better optimization result than genetic algorithm in NLOS case. For antenna arrays Y shape has better optimization result in NLOS case.