Minkowskian Isotropic Media and the Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor

The perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) was introduced as an observer-independent “axion medium” that generalizes the concepts of perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). Following the original boundary definition, its 3-D medium definition corresponds to a 4-D representation that is, actually, observer-dependent (i.e., it is not isotropic for the whole class of inertial observers), leading to a nonunique characterization of the electromagnetic field inside. This characterization of the PEMC, then, violates the boundary conditions—unless some extraneous waves, called “metafields,” are surgically extracted from the final solution. In this paper, using spacetime algebra, we define the PEMC as the unique limit of the most general class of isotropic media in Minkowskian spacetime, which we call Minkowskian isotropic media (MIM). An MIM is actually a “dilaton-axion medium.” Its isotropy is a Lorentz invariant characterization: It is an observer-independent property, contrary to isotropy in 3-D Gibbsian characterization. Hence, a more natural definition of a PEMC is herein presented: It leads to a unique electromagnetic field in its interior; it corresponds, though, to the same original boundary definition. This new approach is applied to the analysis of an air–MIM interface that, as a particular case, reduces to an air–PEMC interface.