The multifrequency spectral Eulerian (MUSE) model of a traveling wave tube

We derive from Eulerian electron beam equations the multifrequency spectral Eulerian (MUSE) model, a new one-dimensional (1-D) nonlinear multifrequency model of a traveling wave tube (TWT). We also derive from the same equations a Lagrangian "disk" model, LATTE, so that MUSE may be directly compared to a Lagrangian approach. The models are compared to the large signal code Christine 1-D on a set of TWT parameters which are based on a single section of the Hughes 8537H L-band TWT. Aspects of the physics, nonlinearities, and simulation dimensions of the MUSE model are discussed, as well as its relation to the method of collective variables. A simplified MUSE model S-MUSE useful for analysis is also presented and its applications are discussed.