Next generation automation architecture for DC smart homes

DC nanogrids for residential use are gaining research interest as an effective solution to integrate several types of distributed renewable energy resources, energy storage, and DC loads. This paper proposes a novel three-layer automation architecture for the DC nanogrid of future DC “smart” homes. The bottom layer, i.e. the converter level control, is fully decentralized and allows plug&play functionality, without the need for horizontal communication. The middle layer optimizes the usage of energy resources and storage as well as thermal (heating/cooling) devices based on a Multi-Agent System. The top layer is the user interface and the communication port to the Energy Network Operator, to enable smart grid capabilities, such as demand side management, demand response, and grid support. This paper presents the draft architecture together with a preliminary analysis of standard protocols for building automation which can be used to identify the best solutions for the communication that supports the architecture.