Includes the top 50 most frequently accessed documents for this publication according to the usage statistics for the month of

• ### Coherent and non-coherent demodulation of envelope-modulated radio signals. With particular reference to the enhanced-carrier system

Publication Year: 1963, Page(s):65 - 71
| | PDF (765 KB)

The ordinary Â¿linear detectorÂ¿ and the coherent demodulator are briefly discussed as the two extreme cases of demodulators for envelopemodulated signals, since in the former the rectifier (or modulator) is switched by the complete input signal, while in the latter a pure local reference tone is used. The synchrodyne and enhanced-carrier systems are regarded as intermediate cases in which the swi... View full abstract»

• ### A review of automatic gain control theory

Publication Year: 1981, Page(s):579 - 590
Cited by:  Papers (17)
| | PDF (1163 KB)

The paper presents the general theory of automatic gain control (a.g.c). It includes discussions on loop gain, regulation and the relation between loop parameters and output level stability. An equivalent circuit is derived which is used in the study of dynamic behaviour. The work is extended to cover sampled data a.g.c. systems and design guidelines are derived for a variety of situations. View full abstract»

• ### The Vivaldi aerial

Publication Year: 1981
| | PDF (224 KB)

An aerial having a gain of about 10 dBI with associated sidelobe level of Â¿ 20 dB over an instantaneous frequency bandwidth extending from 2 GHz to 40 GHz has been devised at the Philips Research Laboratories, Redhill. View full abstract»

• ### Digital methods of frequency measurement: a comparison

Publication Year: 1972, Page(s):285 - 294
| | PDF (1035 KB)

Some well known and some novel methods of digital frequency measurement are compared, with particular emphasis on their dynamic performance. A simple uniform analysis helps to show the inter-relationships between these measurement systems. View full abstract»

• ### Amplitude performance of Ruze and Rotman lenses

Publication Year: 1983, Page(s):329 - 336
Cited by:  Papers (18)
| | PDF (1363 KB)

Ruze and Rotman lenses are devices which can be used to form multiple beams for antenna arrays. A previous paper has shown these lenses can be designed for low-phase aberrations and minimum size. Published work on these lenses has concentrated on phase and largely neglected amplitude performance (except Maybell). Here, a theoretical model is developed which predicts the primary amplitude distribut... View full abstract»

• ### A comparison of five methods of low-pass passive filter design

Publication Year: 1964, Page(s):167 - 180
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (986 KB)

The phase and magnitude characteristics of five network functions, all three-pole approximations to an ideal low-pass filter characteristic, are compared. The functions considered are the Butterworth, Chebyshev, Papoulis Class L, maximally flat delayÂ¿ and in-line poleÂ¿; all of these can be realized with a simple passive circuit. The equations for the pole locations are quoted. Plots of the pol... View full abstract»

• ### Optimum directional pattern synthesis of circular arrays

Publication Year: 1964, Page(s):341 - 355
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (2163 KB)

An attempt is made to deduce rules for designing circular arrays which produce desired directional patterns. The paper considers circular arrays consisting of equally spaced radiators distributed on the whole circumference or on a coherent part of it. First the general relation between the desired far-field amplitude distribution and the complex input amplitudes of the individual radiators is dedu... View full abstract»

• ### Series-parallel generation of m-sequences

Publication Year: 1975, Page(s):171 - 176
Cited by:  Papers (26)
| | PDF (705 KB)

An equivalence class of machines is identified which generate maximal length sequences as a non-overlapping series of k-bit words. This is achieved at the expense of a k-fold increase in combinational logic but with no increase in the number of storage elements required. View full abstract»

• ### Conduction and magnetic signalling in the sea a background review

Publication Year: 1972, Page(s):447 - 452
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (810 KB)

Electromagnetic, conduction and magnetic induction techniques for communicating or navigating underwater are discussed in the light of some 75 published references. View full abstract»

• ### Analysis and control of the permanent-magnet stepper motor

Publication Year: 1971, Page(s):302 - 308
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (779 KB)

A stepper motor has the ability to translate digital signals into angular shaft positions. This paper deals with the dynamic characteristics of a 90Â° permanent magnet motor, when used to switch a load through a sequence of angular steps. The non-linear system equations are derived, and linearized versions of these equations are used to estimate the dynamic response for single-step operation. Mult... View full abstract»

• ### Non-linear resistors

Publication Year: 1973, Page(s):609 - 612
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (526 KB)

Non-linear resistors have been known since the early 19th century but have been of commercial significance only over the last 50 years. Today over 700 million pieces are manufactured annually. This paper outlines the three major types commonly found in the electronics industry, namely, negative and positive temperature coefficient thermistors, and voltage-dependent resistors. The electrical proper... View full abstract»

• ### A digital-analogue minimum detector for riometers

Publication Year: 1974, Page(s):355 - 356
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (150 KB)

A circuit using commercial integrated circuits has been developed to replace the minimum-detector circuitry commonly used in swept-frequency passive ionospheric absorption measurements. The new circuit offers good accuracy and is completely free of decay error. View full abstract»

• ### An advanced darlington transistor for switch mode power control

Publication Year: 1984, Page(s):219 - 224
| | PDF (791 KB)

A recently developed three-stage Darlington transistor is described which has been specifically designed for direct off-line power control. The device features fast, low-loss switching with direct drive from an integrated circuit. The transistor has been designed with a very extensive safe operating area so that a snubber network is not required. The device is sufficiently robust to survive a numb... View full abstract»

• ### Admittance of a dipole antenna driven by a two-wire line

Publication Year: 1976, Page(s):121 - 128
| | PDF (879 KB)

A new theoretical approach to the problem of the symmetric dipole antenna, driven by a two-wire line, is presented. The dipole and the line are treated as a unique boundary-value problem, and, as a consequence, a new, conveniently defined, apparent driving-point admittance is introduced. The analysis of the problem leads to a system of two integral equations with the dipole and line currents as un... View full abstract»

• ### Accurate analytical determination of quasi-static microstrip line parameters

Publication Year: 1976, Page(s):360 - 364
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (531 KB)

In the design of microstrip components, the analytical equations of Wheeler have an advantage in handling-speed and simplicity over alternative quasi-static analyses involving complex computation by numerical methods. Wheeler equations can produce excessive errors, however, unless care is taken particularly in the choice of changeover point between equations for narrow or wide strips. This paper s... View full abstract»

• ### Electrolytic capacitors: their fabrication and the interpretation of their operational behaviour

Publication Year: 1973, Page(s):421 - 429
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1227 KB)

The various stages in the production of an aluminium electrolytic capacitor are outlined and these are then related to the equivalent circuit so as to establish an understanding of the preparation parameters that affect the performance. Particular reference is made to studies undertaken on the effects of etching prior to anodization, the anodization itself, the electrolyte used and the mechanical ... View full abstract»

• ### Survey of design techniques for flat profile microwave antennas and arrays

Publication Year: 1978, Page(s):549 - 565
Cited by:  Papers (5)
| | PDF (1909 KB)

The increasing compactness of modern microwave communication and radar equipment commonly demands that the associated antennas have flat profiles; this paper surveys the various planar antenna design techniques that are available. After summarizing the well-established methods using slotted waveguide arrays, the more recent stripline and cavity backed printed antennas are surveyed; finally the lat... View full abstract»

• ### Digital waveform synthesis

Publication Year: 1975, Page(s):284 - 292
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1073 KB)

A digital function generator has been designed and constructed based on the solution of the simple harmonic differential equation using rate multiplier techniques. The generator is capable of operating over eight decades of frequency 10Â¿4Â¿fÂ¿104 Hz providing outputs of triangle, square or sinewaves. Quadrature outputs, starting and stopping at any point in the cycle, are possible with this oscil... View full abstract»

• ### The performance of a magnetic loop transmitter-receiver system submerged in the sea

Publication Year: 1972, Page(s):457 - 462
Cited by:  Papers (13)
| | PDF (823 KB)

The theoretical predictions for an electromagnetic wave in both free-space and an infinite conducting medium are considered and an experimental technique is described which was used to measure the variation of signal strength with distance for a magnetic-loop transmitter-receiver system submerged in sea-water, at a mid-water depth (100 m) where boundary effects could be ignored safely. Underwater ... View full abstract»

• ### Synthesis of active filters with optimum sensitivity

Publication Year: 1968, Page(s):135 - 147
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1393 KB)

Two general RC-active-network synthesis procedures previously described by the author are applied to the synthesis of filters. A third synthesis procedure is now described in which Guillemin's parallelladder procedure is used to realize the passive part of the network. This and the previous two procedures use the Horowitz decomposition which optimizes the sensitivity. Amethod for reducing the numb... View full abstract»

• ### A design basis for synchronously tuned multi-stage linear amplifiers taking into account spread in device parameters

Publication Year: 1967, Page(s):55 - 64
| | PDF (1044 KB)

A generalized design procedure is presented for the stage by stage build-up of synchronously tuned multi-stage linear amplifiers. The individual stages herein may be near identical and either unilateralized by external passive feedback or mismatched resistively at their ports. The design can be usefully based on the average parameters of the device type selected and its circuit components. This is... View full abstract»

• ### Dielectric loaded waveguides-a review of theoretical solutions. Part 2: Propagation through dielectric loaded waveguides

Publication Year: 1965, Page(s):195 - 205
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (844 KB)

The paper presents an analytical survey of the propagation characteristics of microwaves through (i) dielectric loaded waveguides, such as parallel plane, rectangular, circularly cylindrical and coaxial guides filled inhomogeneously with one or two dielectrics; (ii) imperfect waveguides filled with imperfect dielectrics. The problem of the existence of backward waves in a circular cylindrical wave... View full abstract»

• ### Transistor crystal oscillators and the design of a 1-Mc/s oscillator circuit capable of good frequency stability

Publication Year: 1965, Page(s):229 - 246
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (2075 KB)

The paper describes in detail a two-transistor series-resonance oscillator circuit, in which two point-contact diodes in parallel provide amplitude limitation. No transformer is required. The particular ATcut crystal used has aQ-value of just over 250 000, and the oscillator frequency increases by approximately 1.5 parts in 108per volt increase in the 10 V d.c. supply. By adding a variable-capacit... View full abstract»

• ### A method for the determination of the T-equivalent-circuit parameters of microwave structures

Publication Year: 1977, Page(s):460 - 464
| | PDF (412 KB)

A method is described for the measurement of the equivalent circuit parameters of waveguide-mounted structures, such as a post or an inductive iris. Experimental results for post structures centrally mounted in X-band waveguides are also given. The values obtained are found to agree closely with those predicted from theory and the estimated accuracy is about 5%. View full abstract»

• ### Principles of independent receivers for use with co-operative radar transmitters

Publication Year: 1982
Cited by:  Papers (8)
| | PDF (1456 KB)

The paper describes the radar configurations known as bistatic and multistatic, in which one or more receivers are situated remotely from a radar transmitter, but operate in co-ordination with the transmitter to provide range and bearing information for targets illuminated by the transmitter beam. The advantages of such passive, remote receiver installations are discussed. The main part of the pap... View full abstract»

• ### Analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversion for broadcast quality sound

Publication Year: 1979, Page(s):77 - 84
| | PDF (703 KB)

A 13-channel p.cm. system forms a significant part of the BBC's national radio distribution network, and is used to carry high-quality soundprogramme material hundreds of miles with minimal impairment from noise, interference and distortion. High-quality analogue-to-digital converters (a.d.c) and digital-to-analogue converters (d.a.c) are required for use in sound-programme links, and other applic... View full abstract»

• ### Analysis of the frequency and sensitivity of crystal-controlled oscillators

Publication Year: 1976, Page(s):109 - 116
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (674 KB)

The equations for the frequency of a crystal oscillator, and the sensitivity of frequency to the circuit parameters are here extended to consider: (1) the effects of motional capacitance, tuning capacitance, circuit capacitors, and the active element impedance; and (2) the Z-type oscillator. A precise normalized frequency difference between the frequency of oscillation and the series resonant freq... View full abstract»

• ### Measurement of varactor capacitance parameters

Publication Year: 1972, Page(s):381 - 388
| | PDF (745 KB)

A new technique is proposed for the determination of the parameters of the capacitance-voltage relationships of the p-n junction varactor. Special charts are used in conjunction with the measured values of varactor capacitance at five bias voltages. The determination of the Fourier capacitance coefficients of the pumped varactor is then discussed, another chart being used, in conjunction with the ... View full abstract»

• ### Engineering to counter the EMP threat

Publication Year: 1983, Page(s):387 - 392
| | PDF (889 KB)

This paper gives an overview of the techniques and processes used to protect or 'harden' electronic equipment against the effects of the Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). Working from an engineering viewpoint, it not only considers how the threat operates and why it is a threat, but also it considers the measures that can be used to counter the threat andwhat these measures are attempting to ac... View full abstract»

• ### Tabulation of characteristics and active network design values for cauer elliptic function filters of order 2 to 9

Publication Year: 1974, Page(s):597 - 604
| | PDF (652 KB)

Design values are given for active elliptic function filters realized with biquadratic sections in tandem; for networks of odd-order there is an additional linear section. The complete set of tables contains sixteen separate designs for filters of each order from second to ninth, with attenuation and phase characteristics for each design. Only one network order (8th) is included here: the full pap... View full abstract»

• ### Social implications of intelligent machines

Publication Year: 1977, Page(s):393 - 399
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1027 KB)

The much-discussed issues of privacy, unemployment, leisure, centralization of political power, and military misuse of technology are raised by work in artificial intelligence no less than by applications exploiting the 'brute force' of computers. But this paper focuses specifically on matters associated with the social use of intelligent machines in particular. Some current and predicted developm... View full abstract»

• ### The significance of nullators, norators and nullors in active-network theory

Publication Year: 1967, Page(s):259 - 267
Cited by:  Papers (23)
| | PDF (814 KB)

Although proposed in 1961, the nullator and norator have not been widely used or understood. At first sight these elements appear rather remote from reality, and in this paper an attempt is made to relate them to some practical devices. It is suggested that a nullator-norator pair (nullor) may be regarded as a reasonable idealization of a number of physical devices, but that the nullator and norat... View full abstract»

• ### The transfer function synthesis of LC ladder networks

Publication Year: 1977, Page(s):274 - 276
| | PDF (283 KB)

The recurrent-continuant procedure as previously described1 conforms to a transfer function polynomial that leads to an LCR ladder structure. In this contribution a modification to the procedure is proposed that extends its application to the realization of pure LC structures and thence, by the use of simple frequency transformation, to the realization of pure RC structures, as well. In the propos... View full abstract»

• ### The calculation of radiation patterns for transmitting aerial arrays using dipole reflector panels and operating in the broadcast bands

Publication Year: 1978, Page(s):235 - 247
| | PDF (1191 KB)

Equations have been developed for calculating the horizontal and vertical radiation patterns for radially mounted dipole arrays. Techniques such as phasing, current shaping, and horizontally-offset v.s.w.r.- compensated arrays, have been provided for. The infinite reflector has been assumed throughout, but the finite reflector has also been considered, for simple pole-mounted arrays. The array gai... View full abstract»

• ### Application of a set of learning curve models to repetitive tasks

Publication Year: 1983, Page(s):25 - 32
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1164 KB)

As part of a research project into the cost effectiveness of training, various experiments were held in telephone exchanges in the UK. Data from those experiments and from other sources in the literature were used to compare the efficiency of a selection of models of learning. The method of comparison was based on an extension of an iterative two-parameter curve-fitting algorithm which used a Tayl... View full abstract»

• ### The pre-history of the transistor

Publication Year: 1973
| | PDF (133 KB)

First Page of the Article
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• ### The theory of coupling in a tapered waveguide

Publication Year: 1973, Page(s):751 - 756
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (721 KB)

A theory is given which enables the overall coupling between two modes to be calculatedfor a tapered waveguide, if the coupling factor between the modes, the phase constants of the modes, and the characteristic impedances of the waveguide for the two modes are known at all points along the taper. It is thus restricted to those cases where a characteristic impedance can be defined, i.e. waveguides ... View full abstract»

• ### New thin-film resistive memory

Publication Year: 1967, Page(s):81 - 89
Cited by:  Papers (3)
| | PDF (1313 KB)

A new thin-film metal-insulator-metal device is described. After the insulator has undergone a forming process, which consists of the electrolytic introduction of gold ions from one of the electrodes, its conductivity is observed to have increased quite markedly. In addition the sample displays negative-resistance and memory phenomena. It is shown that under the appropriate switching conditions th... View full abstract»

• ### Optical fibre transmission lines

Publication Year: 1981, Page(s):313 - 325
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1537 KB)

Optical fibre transmission lines have many advantages over coaxial cables. The most widely used fabrication techniques involve chemical vapour deposition resulting in losses of well below 1 dB/km. Analysis of propagation follows well-defined principles and the results obtained are broadly comparable with those at microwave frequencies, although the wavelength of operation, ~1 μm, is much s... View full abstract»

• ### Electromechanical switching devices: reliability, life and the relevance of circuit design

Publication Year: 1966
| | PDF (1453 KB)

Electromechanical switching devices are grouped broadly into two classes: those which can be used to choose a specific set of contacts from a considerable number of selections, e.g. rotary switches, and those which when operated or released will establish or break the same set of contacts, e.g. relays. Both groups of devices are discussed in considerable detail from the point of view of reliabilit... View full abstract»

• ### A survey of planar integrated mm-wave components

Publication Year: 1982, Page(s):46 - 50
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (1151 KB)

Different approaches for the integration of mm-wave components have been presented recently, suggesting image line or shielded microstrip line for example. A very promising attempt employs quasi-planar structures, like fin-line, and related line configurations for this purpose. The paper gives a survey of various components being developed in the frequency range from 18 to 170 GHz using this appro... View full abstract»

• ### Radio frequency characteristics of carbon fibre composite materials

Publication Year: 1981, Page(s):505 - 513
| | PDF (1028 KB)

A comprehensive investigation of the r.f. properties of a range of samples of carbon fibre composite materials has been made. These samples were chosen as being representative of those which have been used or are likely to be used in aircraft construction. This paper is in two parts, first the investigations made to determine the electrical resistance characteristics of small samples of CFC materi... View full abstract»

• ### Analysis of a coupled waveguide circulator using non-reciprocal attenuation

Publication Year: 1966, Page(s):319 - 323
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (498 KB)

This paper describes a coupled waveguide circulator in which the secondary waveguide is loaded with distributed non-reciprocal attenuation along the coupling length. In the forward direction of transmission, the difference in the attenuation constants between the two coupled waveguides is large and transmission takes place between the primary waveguide ports. The peak and average power capability ... View full abstract»

• ### Applications of closed-loop stepping motor control in multi-motor systems

Publication Year: 1984, Page(s):457 - 461
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (802 KB)

Stepping motors, as digital machines, are commonly used in electromechanical systems since they can easily be interfaced to and controlled by computers. Electrical and mechanical interaction in multiple-motor systems, however, can lead to severe control problems, and in intelligent systems such as programmable XYtables, rotor position feedback from each machine is necessary to implement effective ... View full abstract»

• ### A phase-locked-loop phase-shifter for band-limited signals

Publication Year: 1977, Page(s):117 - 120
| | PDF (516 KB)

The need for a voltage-controllable phase-shifter frequently arises in radio astronomy interferometry work. This paper describes a particular implementation of such a phase shifter in which a phase-locked loop of special design is used as the principal phase-shifting element. Relative phase-shifting of a band-limited signal is accomplished by mixing the signal with a phase-shifted local oscillator... View full abstract»

Publication Year: 1972
| | PDF (1009 KB)

First Page of the Article
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• ### Application of barium titanate to microwave parametric amplification

Publication Year: 1966, Page(s):21 - 32
| | PDF (1313 KB)

This paper investigates the usefulness of barium titanate rods as the non-linear element of an S-band resonant cavity parametric amplifier, the pump power being at X-band. An analysis is made of the variation of reactance of a small diameter loss free rod as a function of diameter (d) and relative permittivity (Â¿Â¿r). This shows that there is a large change in the resonant frequency of the cavity... View full abstract»

• ### Robust design of sampled-data systems with application to an electro-hydraulic position controller

Publication Year: 1984, Page(s):377 - 385
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1270 KB)

Attention is drawn to the importance of the sampling frequency as a design parameter of sampled-data feedback control systems and consideration is given to its implication to the ability of the systems to withstand gross variations of the plant without unacceptable deviation from the desired performance. It is seen that the robustness of a system is intimately related to the sampling frequency as ... View full abstract»

• ### Muscle substitutes and myo-electric control

Publication Year: 1963, Page(s):439 - 448
Cited by:  Papers (12)
| | PDF (1956 KB)

Muscle substitutes are defined and a description is given of some of those in use and under development. The possibility is suggested of controlling these devices by using the electrical potentials picked up over contracting muscles. Past experimental work in the field is discussed and the problems associated with it are described. Finally, the authors' experimental control system is described and... View full abstract»

• ### The display of automatically processed radar information

Publication Year: 1963, Page(s):469 - 476
| | PDF (988 KB)

A system which uses a form of automatic radar data extraction followed by computer processing requires an output device in the form of a display, which accepts digital information and compiles it into a form which can readily be used by a controller. The display system described in this paper consists of a central equipment and a number of display consoles. The central equipment contains a master ... View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

Published from 1963 to February 1964 by the British Institution of Radio Engineers and from March 1964 to 1984 by the the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers, The Radio and Electronic Engineer published papers describing original research and development in all branches of electronic engineering, as well as critical and interpretive surveys. Short contributions dealing with device technology, circuit techniques and experimental methods were also included.

Full Aims & Scope