# IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image and Signal Processing

Includes the top 50 most frequently accessed documents for this publication according to the usage statistics for the month of

• ### Intelligent distributed surveillance systems: a review

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):192 - 204
Cited by:  Papers (170)  |  Patents (12)
| | PDF (643 KB)

This survey describes the current state-of-the-art in the development of automated visual surveillance systems so as to provide researchers in the field with a summary of progress achieved to date and to identify areas where further research is needed. The ability to recognise objects and humans, to describe their actions and interactions from information acquired by sensors is essential for autom... View full abstract»

• ### Original approach for the localisation of objects in images

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):245 - 250
Cited by:  Papers (49)  |  Patents (2)
| | PDF (432 KB)

An original approach is presented for the localisation of objects in an image which approach is neuronal and has two steps. In the first step, a rough localisation is performed by presenting each pixel with its neighbourhood to a neural net which is able to indicate whether this pixel and its neighbourhood are the image of the search object. This first filter does not discriminate for position. Fr... View full abstract»

• ### RAPID PROTOTYPING - Area efficient FIR filters for high speed FPGA implementation

Publication Year: 2006, Page(s):711 - 720
Cited by:  Papers (17)
| | PDF (279 KB)

A new algorithm that synthesises multiplier blocks with low hardware requirement suitable for implementation as part of full-parallel finite impulse response (FIR) filters is presented. Although the techniques in use are applicable to implementation on application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and Structured ASIC technologies, analysis is performed using field programmable gate array (FPGA) h... View full abstract»

• ### Estimation of image noise variance

Publication Year: 1999, Page(s):80 - 84
Cited by:  Papers (82)  |  Patents (17)
| | PDF (852 KB)

A novel algorithm for estimating the noise variance of an image is presented. The image is assumed to be corrupted by Gaussian distributed noise. The algorithm estimates the noise variance in three steps. At first the noisy image is filtered by a horizontal and a vertical difference operator to suppress the influence of the (unknown) original image. In a second step a histogram of local signal var... View full abstract»

• ### Complex gradient and Hessian

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):380 - 383
Cited by:  Papers (73)  |  Patents (2)
| | PDF (184 KB)

The gradient and Hessian are often used in analytical and numerical function optimisation complex valued parameter estimation problems. In a number of signal processing applications the function is a real function of complex variables. Then the optimisation is usually carried out with respect to the real and imaginary part of these variables; therefore, the gradient and Hessian concerned are real.... View full abstract»

• ### Novelty detection and neural network validation

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):217 - 222
Cited by:  Papers (71)
| | PDF (460 KB)

One of the key factors which limits the use of neural networks in many industrial applications has been the difficulty of demonstrating that a trained network will continue to generate reliable outputs once it is in routine use. An important potential source of errors is novel input data; that is, input data which differ significantly from the data used to train the network. The author investigate... View full abstract»

• ### FPGA implementations of fast Fourier transforms for real-time signal and image processing

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):283 - 296
Cited by:  Papers (42)
| | PDF (636 KB)

Applications based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), such as signal and image processing, require high computational power, plus the ability to experiment with algorithms. Reconfigurable hardware devices in the form of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been proposed as a way of obtaining high performance at an economical price. However, users must program FPGAs at a very low level and... View full abstract»

• ### Genetic algorithms for feature selection in machine condition monitoring with vibration signals

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):205 - 212
Cited by:  Papers (23)
| | PDF (508 KB)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used successfully to detect faults in rotating machinery. Using statistical estimates of the vibration signal as input features. In any given scenario, there are many different possible features that may be used as inputs for the ANN. One of the main problems facing the use of ANNs is the selection of the best inputs to the ANN, allowing the creation of com... View full abstract»

• ### Supervised and unsupervised learning in radial basis function classifiers

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):210 - 216
Cited by:  Papers (22)  |  Patents (3)
| | PDF (560 KB)

The paper considers a number of strategies for training radial basis function (RBF) classifiers. A benchmark problem is constructed using ten-dimensional input patterns which have to be classified into one of three classes. The RBF networks are trained using a two-phase approach (unsupervised clustering for the first layer followed by supervised learning for the second layer), error backpropagatio... View full abstract»

• ### Continuous restricted Boltzmann machine with an implementable training algorithm

Publication Year: 2003, Page(s):153 - 158
Cited by:  Papers (36)  |  Patents (1)
| | PDF (649 KB)

The authors introduce a continuous stochastic generative model that can model continuous data, with a simple and reliable training algorithm. The architecture is a continuous restricted Boltzmann machine, with one step of Gibbs sampling, to minimise contrastive divergence, replacing a time-consuming relaxation search. With a small approximation, the training algorithm requires only addition and mu... View full abstract»

• ### Bayesian multivariate autoregressive models with structured priors

Publication Year: 2002, Page(s):33 - 41
Cited by:  Papers (9)  |  Patents (3)
| | PDF (1290 KB)

A variational Bayesian (VB) learning algorithm for parameter estimation and model-order selection in multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models is described. The use of structured priors in which subsets of coefficients are grouped together and constrained to be of a similar magnitude is explored. This allows MAR models to be more readily applied to high-dimensional data and to data with greater tem... View full abstract»

• ### Uniform distribution of points on a hyper-sphere with applications to vector bit-plane encoding

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):187 - 193
Cited by:  Papers (8)  |  Patents (3)
| | PDF (528 KB)

In vector bit-plane encoding schemes, codebooks must be uniformly distributed on a hyper-sphere. Shells of regular lattices are often used, but they provide only a limited choice of number of vectors K and dimension N. The authors propose a method to generate codebooks in dimension N with arbitrary number K of vectors, almost uniformly distributed on a hyper-sphere. The uniform distribution of an ... View full abstract»

• ### Automated estimation of rock fragment distributions using computer vision and its application in mining

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):1 - 8
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (1893 KB)

Size distribution of rock fragments obtained from blasting and crushing in the mining industry has to be monitored for optimal control of a variety of processes before reaching the final grinding, milling and the froth flotation processes. Whenever feasible, mechanical sieving is the routine procedure to determine the cumulative rock weight distribution on conveyor belts or free falling off the en... View full abstract»

• ### Analysing animal behaviour in wildlife videos using face detection and tracking

Publication Year: 2006, Page(s):305 - 312
Cited by:  Papers (9)  |  Patents (7)
| | PDF (695 KB)

An algorithm that categorises animal locomotive behaviour by combining detection and tracking of animal faces in wildlife videos is presented. As an example, the algorithm is applied to lion faces. The detection algorithm is based on a human face detection method, utilising Haar-like features and AdaBoost classifiers. The face tracking is implemented by applying a specific interest model that comb... View full abstract»

• ### Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):611 - 615
Cited by:  Papers (73)
| | PDF (222 KB)

In order to improve the capacity of the hidden secret data and to provide an imperceptible stego-image quality, a novel steganographic method based on least-significant-bit (LSB) replacement and pixel-value differencing (PVD) method is presented. First, a different value from two consecutive pixels by utilising the PVD method is obtained. A small difference value can be located on a smooth area an... View full abstract»

• ### Plane curve matching under affine transformations

Publication Year: 2004, Page(s):9 - 19
Cited by:  Papers (3)
| | PDF (330 KB)

It is common to use an affine transformation to approximate the plane curve matching problem under a projective transformation. The plane curve itself can be used as an identity to solve the parameters of an affine transformation. The objective of the paper is to obtain a closed form solution to the transformation parameters using lower order derivatives of a plane curve. A unique solution to the ... View full abstract»

• ### Oversampled sigma-delta LMS adaptive FIR filters

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):385 - 392
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (700 KB)

Two filter designs for adaptive least mean squares (LMS) filtering with sigma-delta modulated input signals are described. One implementation is multibit multiplier-free and operates entirely at the oversampling frequency of the sigma-delta signals, in the other design only the FIR filter operates at the oversampled frequency while the adaptive filtering algorithm is performed at the Nyquist rate.... View full abstract»

• ### Low distortion speech enhancement

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):247 - 253
Cited by:  Papers (20)
| | PDF (328 KB)

An innovative approach to speech enhancement is illustrated which minimises distortion to the underlying speech during the noise-reduction process. The key to this approach lies in the identification of whether the additive noise for a particular frequency component is constructive or destructive. Once this can be identified both multiplicative and subtractive filters can be derived using the mini... View full abstract»

• ### Aerial inspection of overhead power lines using video: estimation of image blurring due to vehicle and camera motion

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):157 - 166
Cited by:  Papers (15)
| | PDF (1744 KB)

One of the principal difficulties of video inspection of overhead power distribution lines from a helicopter is the blurring of the image due to rotation of the camera in its gimbals and the translational motion of the helicopter. The author presents a kinematic model describing the sightline geometry which includes the effect of the helicopter's rectilinear motion in three degrees of freedom. It ... View full abstract»

• ### FIR filter design over discrete coefficients and least square error

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):543 - 548
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (456 KB)

The difference routing digital filter (DRDF) consists of an FIR filter followed by a first-order integrator. This structure with power-of-two coefficients has been studied as a means of achieving low complexity, high sampling rate filters which can be implemented efficiently in hardware. The optimisation of the coefficients has previously been based on a time-domain least-squares error criterion. ... View full abstract»

• ### Fingerprint enhancement by directional Fourier filtering

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):87 - 94
Cited by:  Papers (98)  |  Patents (7)
| | PDF (832 KB)

A new method of enhancing fingerprint images is described, based upon nonstationary directional Fourier domain filtering. Fingerprints are first smoothed using a directional filter whose orientation is everywhere matched to the local ridge orientation. Thresholding then yields the enhanced image. Various simplifications lead to efficient implementation on general-purpose digital computers. Results... View full abstract»

• ### Colour image filters based on hypercomplex convolution

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):89 - 93
Cited by:  Papers (23)
| | PDF (560 KB)

There are very few examples of true vector filters known for colour images. The authors introduce a new class of filter based on convolution with hypercomplex masks, and present three colour edge detecting filters inspired by the Prewitt, Sobel and Kirsch filters. These filters, when applied to a colour image, produce an almost greyscale image with colour edges where the original image had a sharp... View full abstract»

• ### Aircraft type recognition in satellite images

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):307 - 315
Cited by:  Papers (8)
| | PDF (677 KB)

This paper proposes a hierarchical classification algorithm to accurately recognise aircraft in satellite images. Before recognition, a novel symmetry-based algorithm is proposed to estimate an aircraft's optimal orientation for rotation correction. Then, distinguishable features are derived from each aircraft for aircraft recognition. However, different features have different discrimination abil... View full abstract»

• ### Detecting and characterising returns in a pulsed ladar system

Publication Year: 2006, Page(s):160 - 172
Cited by:  Papers (4)  |  Patents (1)
| | PDF (1197 KB)

A new multi-spectral laser radar (ladar) system based on the time-correlated single photon counting, time-of-flight technique has been designed to detect and characterise distributed targets at ranges of several kilometres. The system uses six separated laser channels in the visible and near infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The authors present a method to detect the numbers, position... View full abstract»

• ### Low complexity concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision directed scheme for blind equalisation

Publication Year: 2003
Cited by:  Papers (12)
| | PDF (4118 KB)

The recently introduced concurrent constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and decision-directed (DD) scheme provides a state-of-the-art low-complexity blind equalisation technique for high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channels. At a small cost of slightly more than doubling the complexity of the standard CMA blind equaliser, this concurrent CMA and DD blind equaliser achieves a dramatic i... View full abstract»

• ### Novelty detection using extreme value statistics

Publication Year: 1999, Page(s):124 - 129
Cited by:  Papers (31)
| | PDF (392 KB)

Extreme value theory is a branch of statistics that concerns the distribution of data of unusually low or high value, i.e. in the tails of some distribution. These extremal points are important in many applications as they represent the outlying regions of normal events against which we may wish to define abnormal events. In the context of density modelling, novelty detection or radial-basis funct... View full abstract»

• ### Forward sequential algorithms for best basis selection

Publication Year: 1999, Page(s):235 - 244
Cited by:  Papers (47)
| | PDF (404 KB)

The problem of signal representation in terms of basis vectors from a large, over-complete, spanning dictionary has been the focus of much research. Achieving a succinct, or sparse', representation is known as the problem of best basis representation. Methods are considered which seek to solve this problem by sequentially building up a basis set for the signal. Three distinct algorithm types have... View full abstract»

• ### Joint striping noise removal and background clutter cancellation in IR naval surveillance systems

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):407 - 412
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (558 KB)

The clutter removal procedure for infrared (IR) naval surveillance systems presented is designed to manage a typical maritime scenario and is insensitive to the sharp transition between sea and sky across the horizon line. It is also effective for the removal of striping noise which arises as a consequence of the nonuniform calibration of the detector array. The low computational cost of this tech... View full abstract»

• ### Novel FPGA implementations of Walsh-Hadamard transforms for signal processing

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):377 - 383
Cited by:  Papers (18)  |  Patents (3)
| | PDF (435 KB)

The paper describes two approaches suitable for a field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) implementation of fast Walsh-Hadamard transforms. These transforms are important in many signal-processing applications including speech compression, filtering and coding. Two novel architectures for the fast Hadamard transforms using both a systolic architecture and distributed arithmetic techniques are present... View full abstract»

• ### Robust M-estimate adaptive filtering

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):289 - 294
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (528 KB)

An M-estimate adaptive filter for robust adaptive filtering in impulse noise is proposed. Instead of using the conventional least-square cost function, a new cost function based on an M-estimator is used to suppress the effect of impulse noise on the filter weights. The resulting optimal weight vector is governed by an M-estimate normal equation. A recursive least M-estimate (RLM) adaptive algorit... View full abstract»

• ### Gradient based progressive probabilistic Hough transform

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):158 - 165
Cited by:  Papers (16)
| | PDF (976 KB)

The authors look at the benefits of exploiting gradient information to enhance the progressive probabilistic Hough transform (PPHT). It is shown that using the angle information in controlling the voting process and in assigning pixels to a line, the PPHT performance can be significantly improved. The performance gains are assessed in terms of repeatability of results, a measure that has direct re... View full abstract»

• ### Adaptive blind channel identification algorithm based on linear prediction for SIMO FIR systems

Publication Year: 2002, Page(s):225 - 230
| | PDF (385 KB)

An adaptive algorithm for blind identification of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) FIR systems is proposed. It is based on the one-step forward linear prediction (LP) technique and can be implemented by an RLS adaptation. Unlike most second-order statistics (SOS)-based approaches, the proposed solution does not require the computation of the correlation matrix or its inverse explicitly. The obt... View full abstract»

• ### New technique for designing nearly orthogonal wavelet filter banks with linear phase

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):527 - 533
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (528 KB)

A new technique based on nonlinear optimisation to design nearly orthogonal wavelet filter banks with linear phase is proposed. The main idea is to impose a certain number of zeros at z=-1 for a symmetric filter and make it satisfy the power complementary condition as accurately as possible. From this filter, a semi-orthogonal wavelet filter bank which is nearly orthogonal can be constructed. This... View full abstract»

• ### Relationship between an LPTV system and the equivalent LTI MIMO structure

Publication Year: 2003, Page(s):133 - 141
| | PDF (739 KB)

It is understood how to transform a linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) filter/ difference equation into an equivalent multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) structure, or transfer matrix, with linear time-invariant (LTI) elements, but no published method exists for the reverse operation. The paper presents a technique to transform from the LTI MIMO structure to the original single-input/single... View full abstract»

• ### Data hiding technologies for digital radiography

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):604 - 610
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (235 KB)

Research on data hiding is demonstrating every day that several applications can benefit from this technology; among these, medical data management. In particular, embedding patient information into a medical image through data hiding could improve the level of security and confidentiality that is essential for the diffusion of medical information systems. The design of a data hiding system for su... View full abstract»

• ### Parameterisation of slant-Haar transforms

Publication Year: 2003
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (402 KB)

A parameterisation of the slant-Haar transform is presented, which includes an existing version of the slant-Haar transform. An efficient algorithm for the slant-Haar transform is developed and its computational complexity is estimated. The parametric slant-Haar transforms are compared to the Karhunen-Loeve transform. The parametric slant-Haar is shown to perform better than the commonly used slan... View full abstract»

• ### Car tracking by quantised input LMS, QX-LMS algorithm in traffic scenes

Publication Year: 2006, Page(s):37 - 45
Cited by:  Papers (9)
| | PDF (255 KB)

The tracking algorithm is an important tool for motion analysis in computer vision. A new car tracking algorithm is proposed which is based on a new clipping technique in the field of adaptive filter algorithms. The uncertainty and occlusion of vehicles increase the noise in vehicle tracking in a traffic scene, so the new clipping technique can control noise in prediction of vehicle positions. The... View full abstract»

• ### MCYT baseline corpus: a bimodal biometric database

Publication Year: 2003, Page(s):395 - 401
Cited by:  Papers (131)  |  Patents (9)
| | PDF (862 KB)

The current need for large multimodal databases to evaluate automatic biometric recognition systems has motivated the development of the MCYT bimodal database. The main purpose has been to consider a large scale population, with statistical significance, in a real multimodal procedure, and including several sources of variability that can be found in real environments. The acquisition process, con... View full abstract»

• ### Properties determining choice of mother wavelet

Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):659 - 664
Cited by:  Papers (17)
| | PDF (155 KB)

Properties of wavelets with finite as well as infinite support are summarised to facilitate mother wavelet selection in a chosen application. The quantitative guidelines reduce dependence on trial-and-error schemes resorted to for selection and underscore the importance of such selection in any application of interest. In wavelet-based image sequence superresolution, studied during the last four y... View full abstract»

• ### Flooding-based watershed algorithm and its prototype hardware architecture

Publication Year: 2004, Page(s):224 - 234
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (1069 KB)

Watershed transformation is a powerful image segmentation technique. The potential of its real-time application can be realised by a dedicated hardware architecture. However, little work has been reported so far on hardware realisation of watershed transformation. The authors propose an improved watershed algorithm derived from Meyer's simulated flooding-based algorithm by ordered queues and a pro... View full abstract»

• ### Reconstruction from 2-D wavelet transform modulus maxima using projection

Publication Year: 2000, Page(s):176 - 184
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (896 KB)

Wavelet transform modulus maxima can be used to characterise sharp variations such as edges and contours in an image. The authors analyse the a priori constraints present in the wavelet transform modulus maxima representation. A new projection-based algorithm which enforces all the a prior constraints in the representation is proposed. Quadratic programming is used to obtain a sequence which satis... View full abstract»

• ### Colour texture analysis using colour histogram

Publication Year: 1994, Page(s):403 - 412
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (720 KB)

The authors describe a new and systematic way of analysing colour texture. They propose to extract both spatial (i.e. texture) and spectral (i.e. colour) attributes separately from a colour image. This involves a parallel system of representation comprising two channels, one for texture representation and the other for colour description. The spatial attributes are gathered by the local linear tr... View full abstract»

• ### Watermarking digital images for copyright protection

Publication Year: 1996, Page(s):250 - 256
Cited by:  Papers (69)  |  Patents (128)
| | PDF (2056 KB)

A watermark is an invisible mark placed on an image that is designed to identify both the source of an image as well as its intended recipient. The authors present an overview of watermarking techniques and demonstrate a solution to one of the key problems in image watermarking, namely how to hide robust invisible labels inside grey scale or colour digital images View full abstract»

• ### Robust least mean square adaptive FIR filter algorithm

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):332 - 336
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (416 KB)

The authors propose a new robust adaptive FIR filter algorithm for system identification applications based on a statistical approach named the M estimation. The proposed robust least mean square algorithm differs from the conventional one by the insertion of a suitably chosen nonlinear transformation of the prediction residuals. The effect of nonlinearity is to assign less weight to a small porti... View full abstract»

• ### Adaptive cancellation of selected harmonics from a signal

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):295 - 303
Cited by:  Papers (3)  |  Patents (2)
| | PDF (728 KB)

The problem of extracting a cosine of unknown frequency in the presence of cosines with known frequencies is presented. Two methods are compared: the constant coefficient digital notch filter and the adaptive subtraction method where the known frequencies are input along with a guess for the unknown frequency. In the latter method, the amplitudes and phases of the known components are estimated us... View full abstract»

• ### Properties of contour codes

Publication Year: 1997, Page(s):145 - 149
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (516 KB)

Objects within a binary image are efficiently encoded by traversing their outlines to produce a string of codes each of which defines a directed line to the next point on the outline. Most commonly four or eight codes are defined because these are all that are necessary to define a move from one pixel to an adjacent pixel on a square grid. Many features of the binary objects or blobs may be extrac... View full abstract»

• ### New fast algorithm for multidimensional type-IV DCT

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):263 - 268
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (510 KB)

The authors first propose an index mapping such that the type-IV m-dimensional discrete cosine transform (m-D DCT-IV) is turned into a sum involving a number of (m-1)-dimensional discrete cosine transforms ((m-1)-D DCTs). Then a polynomial transform is used for implementing the sum. Based on symmetrical properties, a refined fast polynomial transform algorithm is proposed for computing the polynom... View full abstract»

• ### Blind separation of spectral signatures in hyperspectral imagery

Publication Year: 2001, Page(s):217 - 226
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (1424 KB)

For the purpose of material identification, methods for exploring hyperspectral images with minimal human intervention have been investigated. Without any prior knowledge, it is extremely difficult to identify or determine how many endmembers in a scene. To tackle this problem, a new spectral unmixing technique, the spectral data explorer (SDE), is presented. SDE is a hybrid approach combining the... View full abstract»

• ### Design and implementation of a new efficient median filtering algorithm

Publication Year: 1999, Page(s):273 - 278
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (200 KB)

A new bit-level algorithm for median-type filters, based on the concept of majority, and a new hardware implementation suitable for VLSI implementation are introduced. The proposed structure has an area complexity of O(N(N+w)) and a time complexity of O(w). Compared with other existing algorithms, the new algorithm exhibits reduced hardware requirements and better processing speed. In addition, a ... View full abstract»