IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Early Access Articles

Early Access articles are made available in advance of the final electronic or print versions. Early Access articles are peer reviewed but may not be fully edited. They are fully citable from the moment they appear in IEEE Xplore.

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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 301
• A Novel Sensitivity Matrix Construction Method for Ultrasonic Tomography Based on Simulation Studies

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (3652 KB)

Ultrasonic tomography (UT) is a nondestructive technique that is widely applied in industrial process imaging. In this paper, a novel sector diffusion method for construction of a sensitivity matrix is proposed to improve the performance of a linear back-projection (LBP) algorithm. The so-called sector-diffusion-matrix-based LBP (SLBP) was applied to reconstruct gas/liquid two-phase flow. A series... View full abstract»

• Truly Distributed Coaxial Cable Sensing Based on Random Inhomogeneities

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 8
| | PDF (1453 KB)

Rayleigh backscattering-based distributed fiber optic sensing technology is well known and widely used for large-scale structural health monitoring. Inspired by the Rayleigh backscattering-based sensing methodology on an optical fiber, in this paper, we present a sensing concept based on the random inhomogeneities on a coaxial cable. As an analogy of Rayleigh backscattering along an optical fiber ... View full abstract»

• Interlaboratory Nanoamp Current Comparison With Subpart-Per-Million Uncertainty

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 7
| | PDF (1974 KB)

An ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) has been transferred between two laboratories, National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, four times, with three of the transfers yielding a relative change in the transresistance gain of less than 2 x 10⁻⁷. This is a new benchmark for interlaboratory transfer of small current. We describe in detail the use of a c... View full abstract»

• Sparse Reconstruction-Based Thermal Imaging for Defect Detection

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2076 KB)

This paper proposes an idea of employing sparse reconstruction-based technique for thermal imaging defect detection. The implementation of the reconstruction technique is tested on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer test piece with artificially drilled defects and the test results are compared with the established cross correlation method. The two processes are compared in terms of defect detectabi... View full abstract»

• Fiber Optic Sensors Based on Photoacoustic Effect for Rebar Corrosion Measurement

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 7
| | PDF (2380 KB)

An all-optical ultrasound sensing system based on photoacoustic principle is developed to monitor and investigate the initiation of early stage steel rebar corrosion in real time. The ultrasound generator was developed by small size gold nanocomposites coated optical fibers to generate 8-MHz bandwidth signals. The ultrasound receiver was applied by a fiber Bragg grating sensor. This system was emp... View full abstract»

• Radiometric Calibration of Digital Counts of Infrared Thermal Cameras

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (2152 KB)

Infrared thermal cameras have applications in a range of fields including security, agriculture, inspection, and health. In this paper, we are interested in their sensing properties, where we model and estimate the camera parameters required to transform digital counts to temperature values. Specifically, we propose a method to characterize the spatial deviation for the irradiance observed at the ... View full abstract»

• A Capacitive-Coupled Noncontact Probe for the Measurement of Conductivity of Liquids

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2201 KB)

A noncontact (capacitive-coupled) probe for the measurement of the conductivity of liquids is presented. Insulation introduced between the measurement electrodes and the liquid intrudes a couple of coupling capacitances. Though the capacitive coupling overcomes the problems of electrode polarization and contamination associated with contacting electrodes, the large reactances of the coupling capac... View full abstract»

• Medical Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on End-to-End Fusion Deep Neural Network

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (4663 KB)

To solve the problem of supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) models suffering from limited samples, a two-channel CNN is developed for medical hyperspectral images (MHSI) classification tasks. In the proposed network, one channel of end-to-end network, denoted as EtoE-Net, is designed to realize unsupervised learning, obtaining representative and global fused features with fewer noises, b... View full abstract»

• An Inhaler Tracking System Based on Acoustic Analysis: Hardware and Software

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2393 KB)

In treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), acquisition of authentic and effective feedback from patients on regimen adherence is difficult. Face-to-face and oral reporting methods do not satisfy current intelligent medication best practices. This paper presents a system to track and analyze daily inhaler usage. A portable electronic device that attaches to the inhaler us... View full abstract»

• A Novel Method for Calibration of ADC Using JAWS

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2775 KB)

A new method for the calibration of digitizers is proposed. This method uses the unique ability of the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer to generate almost any waveform with high precision. A complex waveform has been prepared such that the gain of a digitizer, for different frequencies and amplitudes, was calibrated almost simultaneously. The stability of the gain was also evaluated. Other... View full abstract»

• Inertial Sensor-Based Respiration Analysis

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 8
| | PDF (1743 KB)

In this paper, we propose a system that is capable of detecting the breath rate of an athlete. Furthermore, we investigate equivalences with the tidal volume over the inclination angle of the thorax to analyze correlations with the respiratory minute volume which is the product of the breath rate and the tidal volume. Inertial-based sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers are utilized to ana... View full abstract»

• Estimation of the Power Quantities Below One Signal Period Using DFT Coefficients

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (1951 KB)

This paper proposes a method to estimate power quantities based on IEEE 1459-2010 using measurement window with length as close as possible to the length of the changing signal period and the nonparametric estimation approach in the frequency domain. Parameters are calculated from the largest local discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) coefficients of the particular frequency components. The impro... View full abstract»

• Broadband Permittivity Measurements up to 170-GHz Using Balanced-Type Circular-Disk Resonator Excited by 0.8-mm Coaxial Line

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (2645 KB)

This paper describes the broadband permittivity measurements up to 170 GHz of plate samples by using a balanced-type circular-disk resonator (BCDR) excited by a 0.8-mm coaxial line. Because only the TM₀ₘ₀ modes are selectively excited in the BCDR and their resonant frequencies largely change by changing the size of the circular disk that constitutes the resonator, the BCDR method provides permitti... View full abstract»

• Nondestructive Pressure Measurement in Vessels Using Rayleigh Waves and $L_{\rm CR}$ Waves

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s): 1
| | PDF (576 KB)

A new nondestructive pressure-measurement method that can avoid potential safety problems caused by applying traditional pressure-measurement methods in vessels is presented. This method utilizes ultrasonic Rayleigh waves and critically refracted longitudinal waves ( $L_{\rm CR}$ waves). The change in pressure induces a change in the stresses in the vessel's wall. Ac... View full abstract»

• Realization of Absolute Phase and AC Resistance of Current Shunts by Ratio Measurements

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 6
| | PDF (1980 KB)

This paper presents a simplified method for realizing absolute phase and ac resistance for current shunts using only impedance ratio measurements. The method is based on three geometrically identical current shunts with different resistances, but with the same inductance, capacitance, and ac-dc resistance change of resistance at ac compared to dc). We demonstrate how the inductance, capacitance, a... View full abstract»

• Application of FRA to Improve the Design and Maintenance of Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (4491 KB)

Frequency response analysis (FRA) plays an important role in the assessment of the mechanical integrity and hence, reliability of high-voltage power transformers. Wireless power transfer (WPT) system introduced by Tesla a 100 years ago based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is similar to a conventional power transformer. Therefore, the reliability of a large WPT system can also be eva... View full abstract»

• State-Estimator-Integrated Robust Adaptive Tracking Control for Flexible Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicle With Noisy Measurements

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (5221 KB)

In this paper, a novel state-estimator-integrated robust adaptive tracking control law is proposed for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV), with consideration of noisy measurements, parametric uncertainties, and unknown flexible dynamics. First, to reconstruct the states contaminated by the measurement noises, a continuous-model-based state estimator is designed, which can avoid sever... View full abstract»

• A Pigeonhole Principle-Based Method for Estimating the Resonant Frequency of SAWR Sensors

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 8
| | PDF (2190 KB)

Surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) sensors are passive and wireless devices whose resonant frequency is dependent to a measurand. The nominal value of the resonant frequency is about several hundred megahertz which slightly varies with the measurand to about several hundred megahertz. Due to the passive structure of an SAWR sensor, it is stimulated using a relevant signal. In response, the SAW... View full abstract»

• The Core for High-Precision Stochastic Smart Grid Meter Based on Low-Resolution Flash ADC

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (1297 KB)

This paper describes a mixed-signal multibit stochastic flash analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and a stochastic measurement instrument based on it, as an alternative for standard sampling ADC. It provides precise measurements based on high-speed low-resolution flash ADCs with added statistical process (dither noise) that compensates for low resolution. Stochastic instrument for measurement of av... View full abstract»

• Oxygen Uptake Rate Measurement Using Kalman Filter and PWM Control in Activated Sludge Systems

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2868 KB)

The availability of real-time information about the biological activity is a valuable matter in wastewater treatment employing activated sludge processes, and this is represented by the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). In these processes, OUR measurements have been used as a fast indicator of changes in waste load or influx of toxic organic compounds and for monitoring of the process efficiency. In this ... View full abstract»

• Performance Analysis of the PMD Camboard Picoflexx Time-of-Flight Camera for Markerless Motion Capture Applications

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (5216 KB)

The PMD Camboard Picoflexx Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera is evaluated against the Microsoft Kinect V2 to assess its performance in the context of markerless motion capture system for human body kinematics measurements. Various error sources such as the warm-up time, the depth distortion, the amplitude related error, the signal-to-noise ratio, and limitations such as their dependence on the illuminat... View full abstract»

• A DC-Coupled High Dynamic Range Biomedical Radar Sensor With Fast-Settling Analog DC Offset Cancelation

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (2858 KB)

One challenge of designing a dc-coupled biomedical radar sensor is dealing with the dc offset voltage presented in its receiver. The undesired dc offset is mainly caused by clutter reflection and hardware imperfection. It may saturate the baseband amplifier and limit the maximum dynamic range that a biomedical radar sensor can achieve. AC-coupling the signal can eliminate dc offset but it will als... View full abstract»

• Measurement Uncertainty of Precise Interpolating Time Counters

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (1526 KB)

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of measurement uncertainty of a wide class of precise time interval counters based on the most common two-stage time interpolation method. All nonnegligible sources of errors are discussed, including the quantization process, nonlinearity of time interpolators, timing jitter induced by elements of signal paths as well as inherent jitter of input pulses,... View full abstract»

• Comparison of Reference Setups for Calibrating Power Transformer Loss Measurement Systems

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 8
| | PDF (1659 KB)

A unique comparison has been performed of two reference setups for the calibration of industrial power transformer loss measurement systems (TLMSs). The setups are developed by the Van Swinden Laboratorium (VSL), Delft, The Netherlands and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Brunswick, Germany, with the aim to calibrate industrial TLMS as a complete system, rather than just via its indivi... View full abstract»

• Frequency Extension of Atomic Measurement of Microwave Strength Using Zeeman Effect

Publication Year: 2019, Page(s):1 - 6
| | PDF (2015 KB)

Measuring the field strength of an electromagnetic wave based on atomic quantum mechanics is expected to be an innovative method to realize stable and reliable measurements. However, the major issue of atomic measurements is that the measurable frequency is limited to the resonant frequency of atoms. Therefore, in this paper, we demonstrate the measurement at arbitrary frequencies using the Zeeman... View full abstract»

Aims & Scope

Papers are sought that address innovative solutions to the development and use of electrical and electronic instruments and equipment to measure, monitor and/or record physical phenomena for the purpose of advancing measurement science, methods, functionality and applications.

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