# IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

### Early Access Articles

Early Access articles are made available in advance of the final electronic or print versions. Early Access articles are peer reviewed but may not be fully edited. They are fully citable from the moment they appear in IEEE Xplore.

## Filter Results

Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 194
• ### GPS-Derived PWV for Rainfall Nowcasting in Tropical Region

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (1653 KB)

In this paper, a simple algorithm is proposed to perform the nowcasting of rainfall in the tropical region. The algorithm applies global positioning system-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) values and its second derivative for the short-term prediction of rainfall. The proposed algorithm incorporates the seasonal dependency of PWV values for the prediction of a rain event in the coming 5 min ... View full abstract»

• ### Verifying High-Accuracy Ocean Surface Current Measurements by X-Band Radar for Fixed and Moving Installations

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 11
| | PDF (4786 KB)

Accurate information about ocean surface currents is of high importance for many purposes. Traditional ways of measuring surface currents using instruments immersed in water are associated with various challenges, as well as high installation and maintenance costs. Algorithms and hardware used to measure surface currents based on marine X-band radar images have been steadily improved during the re... View full abstract»

• ### Exploring the Influence of Various Factors on Slope Estimation Using Large-Footprint LiDAR Data

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 11
| | PDF (2431 KB)

The accurate estimation of within-footprint slope is very important for measuring earth's surface characteristics using satellite light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Several models have previously been proposed for slope estimation; however, these models have limitations in either accuracy or applicability. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of various fact... View full abstract»

• ### Quality Assessment of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Ecosystem Observations Using Pulse Trajectories

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (17726 KB)

Considering the trajectories of pulses from terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) can provide refined models of occlusion and improve the assessment of observation quality in forests and other ecosystems. By considering the space traversed by light detection and ranging (lidar) pulses, we can separate empty regions of an ecosystem sample from unobserved regions of an ecosystem sample. We apply this met... View full abstract»

• ### A Bayesian Procedure for Full-Resolution Quality Assessment of Pansharpened Products

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (16451 KB)

Pansharpening regards the fusion of a high-spatial resolution panchromatic image with a low-spatial resolution multispectral image. One of the most debated topics about pansharpening is related to the quality assessment of fused products. Two main assessment procedures are usually exploited in the literature: the reduced resolution validation and the full-resolution (FR) validation. The former has... View full abstract»

• ### Validation of Sea-Ice Topographic Heights Derived From TanDEM-X Interferometric SAR Data With Results From Laser Profiler and Photogrammetry

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 17
| | PDF (9043 KB)

In this paper, the retrieval of sea-ice surface heights from the interferometric TanDEM-X data is investigated. The data were acquired over fast and drifting ice in Fram Strait located between Greenland and Svalbard. Additional measurements of the sea-ice surface topography were carried out using a stereo camera and a laser altimeter. The comparison of the surface elevation retrieved from TanDEM-X... View full abstract»

• ### Learning Source-Invariant Deep Hashing Convolutional Neural Networks for Cross-Source Remote Sensing Image Retrieval

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (6447 KB)

Due to the urgent demand for remote sensing big data analysis, large-scale remote sensing image retrieval (LSRSIR) attracts increasing attention from researchers. Generally, LSRSIR can be divided into two categories as follows: uni-source LSRSIR (US-LSRSIR) and cross-source LSRSIR (CS-LSRSIR). More specifically, US-LSRSIR means the inquiry remote sensing image and images in the searching data set ... View full abstract»

• ### Tandem-L: A Technical Perspective on Future Spaceborne SAR Sensors for Earth Observation

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (7420 KB)

Tandem-L is proposed as a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission developed and operated by the German Aerospace Center in cooperation with several Helmholtz research centers and the German space industries. The mission concept comprises two fully polarimetric radar satellites providing monostatic and bistatic SAR imagery. A key feature of these SAR sensors is the employment of large lig... View full abstract»

• ### Tensor-Based Low-Rank Graph With Multimanifold Regularization for Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Images

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (7628 KB)

Dimensionality reduction is an essential task in hyperspectral image processing. How to preserve the original intrinsic structure information and enhance the discriminant ability is still a challenge in this area. Recently, with the advantage of preserving global intrinsic structure information, low-rank representation has been applied to dimensionality reduction and achieved promising performance... View full abstract»

• ### Multiview Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition Optimization: Modeling and Implementation

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (5912 KB)

Multiview synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images could provide much richer information for automatic target recognition (ATR) than from a single-view image. It is desirable to find optimal SAR platform flight paths and acquire a sequence of SAR images from appropriate views, so that multiview SAR ATR can be carried out accurately and efficiently. In this paper, a novel optimization framework for mu... View full abstract»

• ### Hyperspectral Unmixing Based on Dual-Depth Sparse Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 17
| | PDF (5946 KB)

This paper presents a novel approach for spectral unmixing of remotely sensed hyperspectral data. It exploits probabilistic latent topics in order to take advantage of the semantics pervading the latent topic space when identifying spectral signatures and estimating fractional abundances from hyperspectral images. Despite the contrasted potential of topic models to uncover image semantics, they ha... View full abstract»

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 11
| | PDF (8802 KB)

Doppler radars at all incidence angles measure mean velocities and spreads that have complex relations to oceanic motions, with opportunities to measure winds, waves, and currents. Here, we extend previous theoretical models of backscatter and Doppler using a Kirchhoff approximation and the physical optics model. We show that in Ka-band, around 12° incidence, range-resolved measurements of ... View full abstract»

• ### A New Broadband Dielectric Model for Simultaneous Determination of Water Saturation and Porosity

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (2861 KB)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to broadband model relative effective complex permittivity of soils (augmented broadband complex dielectric mixture model). The approach involves a combination of mixture equation and relaxation model. The mixture equation is an extension in frequency domain developed from a volume average approach. The relaxation model aims at integrating polarization ef... View full abstract»

• ### Atmospheric Correction Using the Information From the Short Blue Band

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 14
| | PDF (6942 KB)

We describe our effort to use normalized water-leaving radiance at the short blue band 410 nm, nLw(410), derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership to improve the VIIRS ocean color products over coastal and inland waters, in particular, over the regions contaminated by strongly absorbing aerosols. The current standard at... View full abstract»

• ### Sea-Surface Floating Small Target Detection by One-Class Classifier in Time-Frequency Feature Space

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 17
| | PDF (15762 KB)

This paper presents one feature-based detector to find sea-surface floating small targets. In integration time of the order of seconds, target returns exhibit time-frequency (TF) characteristics different from sea clutter. The normalized smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) is proposed to enhance TF characteristics of target returns, which is computed from the SPWVDs of time series at... View full abstract»

• ### Intercomparison of Cryogenic Frost-Point Hygrometer Observations With Radiosonde, SAPHIR, MLS, and Reanalysis Datasets Over Indian Peninsula

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 6
| | PDF (783 KB)

This paper assesses the performance of water vapor measurements by Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profild' Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie (SAPHIR), microwave limb sounder (MLS), and the global reanalysis water vapor data [Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA) interim] b... View full abstract»

• ### Sufficient Conditions for Reconstructing 2-D Rainfall Maps

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (1270 KB)

The ground level rainfall at a given time is modeled as a 2-D spatial random process r(x, y), the rain field. Existing measurement equipment, such as rain gauges, weather stations, or recently proposed microwave links, samples r(x, y) spatially in specific points or along lines. Given these samples, our purpose is to reconstruct r(x, y). In this paper, we study the question: under what condition... View full abstract»

• ### Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Deep Deconvolution Network With Skip Architecture

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 11
| | PDF (2558 KB)

Convolution neural network (CNN) utilizes alternating convolutional and pooling layers to learn representative spatial information when the training samples are sufficient. However, for pixelwise classification of hyperspectral image, some important information is neglected by CNN, such as the erased information by the pooling operation and the appearance information from lower layers. Moreover, t... View full abstract»

• ### Multikernel Adaptive Collaborative Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 14
| | PDF (9149 KB)

To adequately represent the nonlinearities in the high-dimensional feature space for hyperspectral images (HSIs), we propose a multiple kernel collaborative representation-based classifier (CRC) in this paper. Extended morphological profiles are first extracted from the original HSIs, because they can efficiently capture the spatial and spectral information. In the proposed method, a novel multipl... View full abstract»

• ### Ocean Surface Current Extraction Scheme With High-Frequency Distributed Hybrid Sky-Surface Wave Radar System

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (13584 KB)

The high-frequency hybrid sky-surface wave radar (HF HSSWR) has recently been used to monitor large-area sea states. However, most of the HF HSSWR detection methods are based on the assumption of a no-tilt and constant height ionospheric model, and the influences caused by uneven electron density are ignored. This paper proposes a new surface current inversion scheme for the HF distributed HSSWR s... View full abstract»

• ### Hyperspectral Unmixing Using Sparsity-Constrained Deep Nonnegative Matrix Factorization With Total Variation

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (4767 KB)

Hyperspectral unmixing is an important processing step for many hyperspectral applications, mainly including: 1) estimation of pure spectral signatures (endmembers) and 2) estimation of the abundance of each endmember in each pixel of the image. In recent years, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been highly attractive for this purpose due to the nonnegativity constraint that is often impo... View full abstract»

• ### Evaluation of SMAP Soil Moisture Relative to Five Other Satellite Products Using the Climate Reference Network Measurements Over USA

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (3399 KB) |  Media

Satellite platforms provide a unique opportunity to retrieve global soil moisture. The Level 3 soil moisture (L3SMP), enhanced Level 3 soil moisture (L3SMP-E) and Level 4 surface soil moisture (L4SM) products of the latest soil moisture satellite mission, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), are evaluated relative to five other satellite products using the Climate Reference Network (CRN) with more... View full abstract»

• ### Multisensor Data Synergy of Terra-MODIS, Aqua-MODIS, and Suomi NPP-VIIRS for the Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth and Land Surface Reflectance Properties

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 18
| | PDF (40537 KB)

A novel multisensor synergy method, using data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua as well as Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, is presented to retrieve optical atmosphere-surface properties. By adopting three-sensor observations' synergy, the proposed method can grasp the multi... View full abstract»

• ### Radar Target and Moving Clutter Separation Based on the Low-Rank Matrix Optimization

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (11125 KB)

A novel algorithm is put forward to separate radar target and moving clutter based on a combination of the low-rank matrix optimization (LRMO) and the decision tree. Similar to the moving object detection in the field of automated video analysis, the proposed separation method, which is carried out in the range-Doppler domain, makes use of different motion variations of radar target and clutter in... View full abstract»

• ### Nonrandom Microwave Ghost Imaging

Publication Year: 2018, Page(s):1 - 18
| | PDF (5591 KB)

Ghost imaging (GI) is a novel imaging method originated from quantum and optical areas. Due to its nonlocal and nonscanning features, the GI has drawn much attention from different research communities and been adopted into microwave imaging scenarios recently. However, most of the current microwave GI schemes reported in the literature are mainly theoretical approaches. On the one hand, this is b... View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (TGRS) s a monthly publication that focuses on the theory, concepts, and techniques of science and engineering as applied to sensing the land, oceans, atmosphere, and space; and the processing, interpretation, and dissemination of this information. This journal publishes technical papers disclosing new and significant research.  The technical content of papers must be both new and significant. Experimental data must be complete and include sufficient description of experimental apparatus, methods, and relevant experimental conditions.

Full Aims & Scope

## Meet Our Editors

Editor-in-Chief
Simon H. Yueh
Jet Propulsion Laboratory