A 32Gb/s NRZ, 25GBaud/s PAM4 reconfigurable, Si-Photonic MZM transmitter in CMOS

A reconfigurable 4-channel 32Gb/s NRZ, or 2×25GBaud/s PAM4 Si-Photonic transmitter is designed entirely in CMOS, consisting of a CMOS driver wire-bonded to MZ modulators. Measurement results demonstrate optical eye diagrams with > 5dB extinction ratio and <;11pJ/bit power efficiency.