A method of initial search region reduction for acoustic localization in distributed systems

Acoustic localization by means of sensor arrays has a variety of applications, such as environment monitoring and object tracking. These tasks are appealing for implementation on embedded systems, however large dataflows and computational complexity of multi-channel signal processing impede the development of such systems. This paper proposes a method of acoustic localization in distributed systems, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The method builds on an optimized localization algorithm of Steered Response Power with Phase Transform (SRP-PHAT) and simplifies it further by reducing the initial search region, in which the sound source is contained. The sensor array is partitioned into sub-blocks, which may be implemented as independent nodes of WSN. For the region reduction two approaches are handled. One is based on Direction of Arrival estimation and the other - on multilateration. Both approaches are tested on real signals for speaker localization and industrial machinery monitoring applications. Experiment results indicate the method's potency in both these tasks.