Broadband noise parameter and S-parameter measurement technique

An accurate noise parameter measurement technique is presented that uses an amplifier/attenuator noise source, a multi-octave tuner and a directional coupler for noise injection at all tuner states. The presented concept allows measurements with more than 30 different ENR steps and the ability to calibrate the ENR during system calibration. A system that demonstrates the concept was built for the frequency range from 0.5-6.0 GHz.