Modelling and operational analysis to enhance local air quality using segregated and high priority routes for hybrid electric buses — a case study of São Paulo City, Brazil

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) model has been developed to simulate and compare HE Buses (HEB) to conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powered buses, according to their performance, emissions and fuel consumption in real traffic drive cycles. Different characteristics of HEB in several scenarios and transport strategies were simulated over several route choices in the UK and in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A case study as well was carried out in São Paulo, as part of the city Integrated Transport System Project which should comply with the São Paulo's Air Quality Management Strategy to improve air quality within the city.