IMPACTS OF HIGH PENETRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS AND SMART INVERTER DEVELOPMENTS

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are being integrated at an unprecedented rate in both bulk power systems and distribution systems worldwide. It is expected that by 2050, solar PV systems will provide about 35% of global electricity generation. The solar PV systems are based on inverters. Power electronics technology provides new “smart” capabilities to the inverters in addition to their primary function of active power generation. This chapter first presents the concepts of reactive power and active power control, which form the basis of smart inverter operation. It then explains the impact of such controls on system voltage and frequency. Next, the chapter presents a summary of the adverse impacts of high penetration of solar PV systems. It briefly describes the different challenges of integrating solar PV systems on a large scale in transmission and distribution systems. Finally, the chapter presents the evolution of smart inverter technology.