29 Cyber (In)security: Threat Assessment in the Cyber Domain

Books about military history are filled with platitudes about how technology has, over the centuries, changed the nature of warfare. From the invention of chariots around 3000 BC, to the development of gunpowder around 800 AD, to naval ships and airplanes more recently, what nation-states (or individuals, for that matter) do in order to defend against enemies has changed as weapons of warfare have changed. With the development of computers, informa­tion technology, and the Internet in the twentieth century, conflict between nations began to play out in the cyber realm, a trend likely to continue and escalate in the twenty-first century.