Multifunctional Antennas for 4G/5G Communications and MIMO Applications

Multipleinput‐multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes are categorized as diversity techniques, multiplexing schemes, multiple access methods, beamforming, and multifunctional MIMO arrangements. The multiplexing techniques focus to improve the attainable spectral efficiency of the system. The antenna elements are separated by half wavelength distance to achieve a beamforming gain. In the modern wireless system, multiband MIMO antennas are widely used in carrier aggression technique of LTE‐Advance. The chapter discusses the multi‐functionality of the MIMO antenna for the newer applications. The MIMO array has found a suitable application in the near‐field imaging radar which has the capability of snapshot data acquisition. MIMO antennas have widely been studied to increase the throughput of a wireless communication system. In the 4G communication systems, the system throughput has been increased by using MIMO technique but that may not be sufficient and thus the massive MIMO antennas are being explored for the 5G communication systems.