11 The New Disrupters

Clayton M. Christensen's Theory of Disruptive Innovation first came to public attention 25 years ago. Christensen presciently explained that fast-moving disrupters entering the market with cheap, low-quality goods could undermine companies wed to prevailing beliefs about competitive advantage. In the last decade, however, the profile of disrupters has changed dramatically. The critical difference is that they now enter the market with products and services that are every bit as good as those offered by legacy companies. Their ascendance doesn't undermine Christensen's theory. In fact, they expand its reach and vitality—and make it harder than ever for traditional companies to compete.