C ++ Basics

This chapter presents the basics of the C++ programming language. It discusses the top‐level programming such as constants, variables, auto, and built‐in data types; common containers and algorithms from the Standard Library; basics of data structures and their initialization; and introduction to classes. The chapter also includes indirect object access with references; indirect object access with pointers; C++ statements; functions, passing objects from and to functions, and lambda functions; and C++ operators. All computer languages have ways to reserve sufficient memory, initialize such objects, and read from and/or write to them. However, all of them require a means of access. Objects can be further divided into two groups: mutable and immutable. One of the key steps after the software building process is testing and debugging. This would not be possible without one of the most important tools – the debugger.