Mammalian Cell‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for Label‐Free Monitoring of Analytes

Cellular electrophysiological state is sensitive to any adverse external stimuli such as changes in nutrient, and presence of toxicants, heavy metals, and infectious agents. Based on the issues and promises related to cell‐based sensing devices, this chapter discusses the state‐of‐the‐art cell chip design and fabrication, substrate functionalization strategies at the cell–electrode interface, electrochemical characterization of cellular redox, application of cell‐specific redox for monitoring analytes, and the future prospects of cell‐based sensors. The cell, a structural and functional unit of an individual, possesses unique electrophysiology specific to its types and different phases of its growth cycle. This cellular electrophysiological state is sensitive to any endogenous or exogenous stimuli that interferes with the homeostatic condition. Electrochemical monitoring of cell proliferation was performed by utilizing the quantification and analysis of voltammetric signals obtained from a cell immobilized platform.