Introduction

The fields of electricity and magnetics are more fundamental than currents and voltages, and fields or waves exist in the space far away from currents in conductors. It is important to understand the electromagnetic phenomenon in modern electric power systems and use it to improve the performance of power systems by taking advantage of modern technological advances, such as sensor and data communication and signal processing. Many systems and sensors have been created for the detection of magnetic fields. Among theses is the micro electro mechanical systems magnetic field sensor, which because of its small size, broad bandwidth, high sensitivity, and fast response is widely used in smart grids. Magnetism not only plays a role in the domestic household but is also important in bulk industries and acts as the backbone of many industrial machines.