QoS for Fixed Ultra‐Broadband

Quality of service (QOS)is equally important for both main types of access networks, fixed and mobile. This chapter covers the fixed access network technologies which are developing toward ultra‐broadband access as the first wave of broadband access. The fixed access networks can be copper‐based or fiber‐based. For provision of ultra‐broadband fixed access, telecom operators require a wide range of technology solutions. Asymmetric digital subscriber line was fitted to average telephone lines between user premises and telephone exchanges which are typically in the range up to 5‐6 km. Another copper access technology that has been used massively since the end of the twentieth century is coaxial cable access. Optical access is the long‐term way to achieve ultra‐broadband speeds per subscriber. QoS is always an end‐to‐end requirement. For the end‐user, it is important that the QoS satisfies their needs and provides high user experience.