Optical Camera Communication: Modulation and System Design

This chapter reviews modulation schemes and discusses system design issues in optical camera communication (OCC). It can be accomplished by employing multilevel coding (MLC) and multi‐stage decoding (MSD) with a deterministic mapper applied to multiple binary linear codes. Furthermore, a non‐uniform map per coupled with a binary low density parity check (LDPC) code can be used to generate the desired in put distribution. The pixel, being basically a power detection unit and a fundamental element in an image sensor, responds to the instantaneous field count rate process. Its output appears as hot noise process, whose count rate is proportional to the instantaneous received power. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is one of the most popular intensity modulation schemes developed for an optical communication system, and on‐off keying (OOK), as a binary‐level version of PAM, is also widely used.