Energy Saving Standardisation in Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems

This chapter summarizes the current standardisation efforts for mobile and wireless communications considering both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency bands. For licensed bands, the main focus of this chapter concentrates on 3GPP's mobile network technology. It provides first an overview of cross‐topic energy saving activities, followed by an analysis of specific efforts within different working groups including the radio access network, network management, system architecture and protocols. Such a 3GPP centric analysis of energy saving is complemented by the mobile operator's view considering the GSM Association (GSMA) and Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN), providing also a summary of ETSI's Green Agenda and an overview of the metrics, KPIs and measurements introduced by both ETSI and ATIS. Regarding unlicensed bands, this chapter focuses on the energy efficiency efforts carried out by the IEEE 802.11 working group and the Wi‐Fi Alliance. It introduces the major 802.11 mechanisms that have been devoted to enhancing energy efficiency in 802.11 terminals. In addition, it presents a set of mechanisms, currently under discussion in the standardisation groups, aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in Access Points and in MTC devices.