Effects of the Troposphere on Radio Propagation

This chapter focuses on the effects of the troposphere on radiowave propagation, starting with a definition of the troposphere as a natural layered air medium consisting of different gaseous, liquid, and crystal structures. It then discusses the effects of hydrometeors on radio propagation in the troposphere. Some well‐known hydrometeors are rain, fog, snow, clouds, hail, dew, rime, glaze, blowing snow, and blowing spray. Next, the chapter considers the main characteristics and parameters of atmospheric turbulence and discusses the tropospheric scintillations, as well as the effects of multiple scattering due to the irregular structure of the troposphere. Finally, it presents the link budget design for tropospheric communication links.