Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

This chapter takes the reader from fundamental electromagnetic experiments to the development of Maxwell's equations with practical engineering examples, including computer electromagnetic (EM) simulation. The coverage is complete to the development of vector mathematics, which is introduced within the development of Maxwell's equations in order to afford physical insight into both the vector math and EM fields. Important relationships are derived mathematically with more intermediate equation steps than customarily provided in textbooks and liberal physical explanations to yield a deeper and more intuitive understanding of the principles.

This treatment is unusually extensive for an introductory text, providing: discussion of vector fields, voltage and current, E, D, H and B fields; EM forces on charges; development of Maxwell's equations; Poisson's equations, and Ampere's, Faraday's, Lenz's and Gauss' laws; vector definitions and derivations of gradient, dot product, divergence, cross product, curl, scalar and vector Laplacians, as well as vector identities; charge flow within a conductor, skin effect, and conductor internal impedance; the wave and Helmholtz equations, intrinsic impedance of space, plane wave propagation, Poynting's vector and theorem, wave polarization, and fields on transmission lines; waveguide propagation, wavelength, characteristic impedance definitions, phase and group velocities; and modes; Fourier series and Green's functions; vector potential, retarded potentials, higher order mode problems in circuit enclosures; antenna topics including wire antennas and their fields, aperture and phased array antennas, radiation resistance, the antenna effective area and gain equation, efficiency, and path loss; and computer electromagnetic (EM) circuit simulation.