Wide‐Area Monitoring and Control of Smart Energy Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPS)

This chapter presents the stabilization aspect of energy cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). It focuses on wide‐area monitoring and control of smart grids, which is enabled by remote signals communicated from the phasor measurement units (PMUs) to the control center through a phasor data concentrator (PDC). The chapter gives a brief introduction of wide‐area control, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in the areas of wide‐area monitoring, wide‐area damping control, and wind farms (WFs). It also presents solutions to these problems. The chapter further presents a case study for latency compensation in wide‐area control using the phasor approach. The idea of the phasor approach is to extract the oscillatory component(s) as space phasor(s) in synchronously rotating d‐q reference frame(s). This approach is used for estimation of modal frequency, damping, and relative mode shape in near real time during transient conditions.